W

Section W

waist as if girthed with rope

yäo  shéng shù

The sensation that the waist is bound tight with a cord or rope. Waist as if girthed with rope is attributable to disease of the girdling vessel or to liver channel damp-heat.

Qi binding in the girdling vessel  ( jié dài mài) causes pain in the sinews and flesh around the waist and in the lumbus. There may be no other signs but these, and the tongue and pulse may be normal.

Medication:  Use Liver-Regulating Powder (tiáo gän sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GIV, LR, CV, and PC. Select GB-26 (dài mài, Girdling Vessel) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) ; needle with drainage.

Liver channel damp-heat  (gän jïng shï ) signs include scorching stabbing pain in the skin, exacerbated by friction. The patient is afraid to move, and in severe cases is afraid to breathe deeply, cough, or sneeze; however, the pain may be relieved by pressure. In addition, there are signs of liver channel damp-heat such as rib-side pain, bitter taste in the mouth, red face, tinnitus, reddish urine possibly with painful voidings, constipation, yellow tongue fur that may be thick and slimy, and a stringlike, possibly rapid pulse.

Medication:  Clear and drain liver channel damp-heat with Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GB, LR, SP, and BL. Select GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , GB-43 (xiá , Pinched Ravine) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) , BL-37 (yïn mén, Gate of Abundance) ; and GB-31 (fëng shì, Wind Market) ; needle with drainage. Selection of points according to signs: For rib-side pain, add LR-14 ( mén, Cycle Gate) , GB-24 ( yuè, Sun and Moon) , and TB-6 (zhï göu, Branch Ditch) . For tinnitus, add TB-17 ( fëng, Wind Screen) , GB-2 (tïng huì, Auditory Convergence) , and TB-3 (zhöng zhû, Central Islet) . For constipation, add BL-25 ( cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) , ST-37 (shàng  , Upper Great Hollow) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , and CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) .

walking bone

The larger of the two bones of the lower leg.

Western Medical Concept:  tibia* The tibia.

wandering knee wind

 yóu fëng

crane's-knee wind.

wandering wind

yóu fëng

red and white wandering wind.

warm

wën

Definition: 

Mildly hot. Of a nature tending to create mild heat. See four qi. Of a nature tending to create heat~effusion. See warm disease.

Definition:  (In physiology) to keep warm. (Through treatment) to restore warmth to. See warming.

warm acrid exterior resolution

xïn wën jiê biâo

See resolving the exterior with warmth and acridity.

warm disease

wën bìng

Any of various heat (febrile) diseases characterized by rapid onset and shifts, pronounced heat signs, and a tendency to form dryness and damage yin. The concept of warm disease was first mentioned in The Inner Canon (nèi jïng) For example, Elementary Questions ( wèn) states, ``Damage by cold in winter necessarily engenders warm disease in the spring.'' Zhang Ji (Zhong-Jing) of the Han Dynasty in On Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases (shäng hán  bìng lùn) mentions warm disease, stating, for example, ``Greater yang disease with heat~effusion and cough and without aversion to cold is warm disease. If sweating is applied, and there is generalized heat~effusion, this is wind warmth.'' However, the concept of warm disease was not central to his systematic presentation of externally contracted disease which placed the emphasis on wind and cold as the major causes of these diseases. Zhang Ji's theories centuries after in the Sung Dynasty were to become the focus of the cold damage school, whereas the concept of warm disease was to become the focus of a rival school, the warm disease school. In the Sui-Tang Period, The Origin and Indicators of Disease (zhü bìng yuán hòu lùn) mentions warm diseases, their causes, patterns, and major principles of treatment. Successive generations of doctors wrote about warm disease, and in the Ming Dynasty writings on the subject became more prolific. This development is attributable on the one hand to the opening up of the south of China where febrile diseases tended to be of a different nature than in the north, and on the other to pestilences arising as a result of wars. In this period, Wu You-Xing in On Warm Epidemics (wën  lùn) explained in detail the laws governing the origin, development and pattern identification of warm epidemics. Notably, he posed the etiological notion of a contagious perverse qi ( li4 qi4). This notion represented a break away from the traditional conception of febrile diseases being caused by climatic influences (e.g., the wind and cold of the cold damage school), and made a great contribution to the foundation of the doctrine of warm diseases that developed later. In the Qing Dynasty, a comprehensive doctrine of warm diseases began to emerge. Ye Tian-Shi, in On Warm Heat (wën  lùn) introduced the four-aspect (construction, qi, construction, and blood) pattern identification system. Xue Xue, in Systematized Identification of Damp-Heat (shï  tiáo biàn) described in detail damp-heat disease patterns. Wu Ju-Tong, in Systematized Identification of Warm Diseases (wën bìng tiáo biàn) posed the notion of triple-burner pattern identification in the treatment of warm and damp-heat diseases. Finally, Wang Shi-Xiong, in Warp and Weft of Warm Heat (wën  jïng wêi) brought together all the theories of his predecessors in a complete doctrine of warm diseases. The doctrine of warm diseases considers warm disease to embrace all externally contracted heat (febrile) diseases. All such diseases have heat as a common feature and consequently they show a tendency toward dryness formation and a resultant damage to yin. Although the doctrine identifies many different diseases, the major classifications are wind warmth, damp warmth, and warm heat. Wind warmth is characterized by heat~effusion, and signs of exuberant lung or stomach heat such as cough, rapid breathing, flaring nostrils, and thirst. Damp warmth is characterized by persistent heat~effusion and signs of obstruction and stagnation caused by dampness, such as oppression in the chest, nausea, diminished appetite, abdominal distention, constipation or diarrhea, and slimy tongue fur. Warm heat is characterized by high fever, red complexion, thirst, maculopapular eruptions, heart vexation and, in severe cases, clouded spirit. Defense, qi, construction, and blood are the four aspects used for identification and treatment of warm disease patterns. They are used to explain the origin and development of externally contracted heat (febrile) diseases; like the six channels of the doctrine of cold damage, they explain the degree of penetration, severity, and acuteness of diseases. In On Warm Heat (wën  lùn) Ye Tian-Shi states, ``The general conception of the doctrine of warm diseases is that qi comes after defense and that blood comes after construction. When disease affects defense, sweating can be administered. Only when it reaches the qi aspect can qi-clearing treatment be prescribed. When it enters construction, treatment involves outthrusting heat to the qi aspect. Finally, when it reaches blood and causes depletion and frenetic movement, treatment involves cooling and dissipating the blood.'' These lines represent the general outline of the four-aspect pattern identification and treatment system of the doctrine of warm diseases. See entries listed below. See also four-aspect pattern identification; triple burner pattern identification.

Warm Disease

warm dryness

wën zào

Disease caused by contraction of the warm dryness evil and resultant scorching of pulmonary liquid; autumn dryness with marked heat signs. Warm dryness begins with headache, heat~effusion, dry cough without phlegm, expectoration of thin sticky phlegm, qi counterflow panting, dry throat, sore throat, dry nose and lips, oppression in the chest and rib-side pain, tongue red at the margins with thin white tongue fur.

Medication:  Clear the lung and moisten dryness. Use Mulberry Leaf and Apricot Kernel Decoction (säng xìng täng) for mild cases and Dryness-Clearing Lung-Rescuing Decoction (qïng zào jìu fèi täng) for severe cases. See autumn dryness; dryness evil invading the lung.

warm epidemic

wën 

scourge epidemic.

warm evil

wën xié

Any evil causing warm heat disease, including spring warmth, wind warmth, summerheat warmth, latent summerheat, damp warmth, autumn dryness, winter warmth, warm epidemic, warm toxin, warm malaria. On Warm Heat (wën  lùn) states, ``Warm evil contracted in the upper body first invades the lung.''

warm evil invading the lung

wën xié fàn fèi

Warm heat disease characterized by cough, heat~effusion, thirst, sometimes a sore swollen throat, a tongue that is red at the margins or tip, and a rapid floating pulse.

Western Medical Concept:  upper respiratory tract infection* bronchitis*!acute acute bronchitis* tonsillitis*!acute acute tonsillitis* upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis, or acute tonsillitis.

warm heat

wën 

Definition: 

Warm evil.

Definition:  Warm disease characterized by the presence of heat signs and the absence of dampness signs.

warm heat disease

wën  bìng

Definition: 

Any warm disease or heat disease.

Definition:  Warm disease pattern of wind combined with warmth.

Warming

warming

wën 

One of the eight methods. The method of treating cold patterns. Warming involves the use of warm or hot medicinals to supplement yang qi and expel cold evil. Medicinals used in the method of warming are usually referred to as interior-warming medicinals. These are listed below. Warming is used in the treatment of interior cold patterns. Cold evil invading the interior, and inhibiting yang qi, and causing retching and diarrhea, cold and pain in the stomach duct and abdomen, cold limbs and aversion to cold, and other signs of spleen-stomach vacuity and interior cold are treated by warming the center and dissipating cold. Yang collapse with aversion to cold and curled-up lying posture, reversal cold of the four limbs, sweating, somber white complexion, and a faint fine pulse or rapid vacuous pulse is treated by returning yang and stemming counterflow. Water-damp flood from yang qi vacuity, characterized by water swelling, is treated by warming yang and disinhibiting water. } Cold evil invading the channels, causing pain in the sinews and bones, and hypertonicity with inhibited bending and stretching is treated by freeing and warming the channels. In acumoxatherapy, warming is achieved through moxibustion. Warming methods are listed above, and warming medicinals are listed below.

warming and supplementing kidney yang

wën  shèn yáng

warming and supplementing the life gate.

warming and supplementing the life gate

wën  mìng mén

Synonym:  warming and supplementing kidney yang ;

Synonym:  warming the kidney ;

Synonym:  warming the water viscus .

A method of treatment used to restore (spleen and) kidney yang qi in the treatment of insufficiency of the life gate fire with early morning diarrhea, abdominal pain and rumbling intestines, cold limbs, pale tongue with white fur, and slow sunken pulse.

Medication:  The method of warming and supplementing the life gate employs yang-invigorating fire-supplementing medicinals. Appropriate formulas include Four Spirits Pill ( shén wán) and Right-Restoring Life Gate Pill (yòu guï wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on KI, GV, back transport points, and CV. Select BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , and KI-3 (tài , Great Ravine) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa.

warming and transforming

wën huà

Warming and transforming is the principle for treating phlegm-rheum. Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Coffer (jïn guì yào lüè) states, ``Disease of phlegm-rheum should be harmonized with warm medicinals.'' See warming yang and transforming rheum, warming the lung and transforming rheum, warming and transforming water-damp.

warming and transforming cold phlegm

wën huà hán tán

warming the lung and transforming rheum.

warming and transforming cold rheum

wën huà hán yîn

warming the lung and transforming rheum.

warming and transforming static blood

wën huà  

See warming the blood.

warming and transforming water-damp

wën huà shuî shï

A method of treating phlegm-rheum, water swelling, impediment patterns and cold-damp leg qi arising when vacuous yang fails to transform water and dampness forms with cold. Warming and transforming water-damp uses hot acrid medicinals that warm and free yang qi, such as Cinnamomi Ramulus (guì zhï) and Aconiti Tuber Laterale ( ), combined with an appropriate amount of dampness-disinhibiting medicinals such as Poria ( líng) and Atractylodis Ovatae Rhizoma (bái zhú) to eliminate water-damp. Representative formulas include Fish Poison Yam Clear-Turbid Separation Beverage ( xiè fën qïng yîn), Poria (Hoelen), Cinnamon Twig, Ovate Atractylodes, and Licorice Decoction (líng guì zhú gän täng), Licorice, Dried Ginger, Poria (Hoelen), and Ovate Atractylodes Decoction (gän câo gän jiäng  líng bái zhú täng), Spleen-Firming Beverage (shí  yîn), and True Warrior Decoction (zhën  täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and back transport points. Select CV-9 (shuî fën, Water Divide) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and BL-39 (wêi yáng, Bend Yang) ; needle with drainage and add moxa. Compare warming yang and disinhibiting dampness.

warming heart yang

wën xïn yáng

A method of treatment used to address heart yang vacuity characterized by lassitude of spirit, dizziness, heart palpitations or fearful throbbing, and pronounced cold signs, such as gray or green-blue or purple complexion and reversal cold of the limbs.

Medication:  Formulas that warm heart yang include Cinnamon Twig, Licorice, Dragon Bone, and Oyster Shell Decoction (guì zhï gän câo lóng    täng) to which Ginseng Radix (rén shën) and Aconiti Tuber Laterale ( ) can be added in severe cases.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, CV, and HT. Select BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , CV-14 ( què, Great Tower Gate) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , and HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa.

warming the blood

wën xuè

A method of treatment used to address cold in the blood aspect. It includes warming and nourishing the blood aspect and warming and transforming static blood.

Definition: 

Warming and nourishing the blood aspect:  (wën yâng xuè fèn) To treat flooding and spotting in females and blood ejection in males, with pale tongue, forceless vacuous pulse, and pale lusterless nails.

Medication:  Use formulas such as Perfect Major Supplementation Decoction (shí quán   täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, SP, ST, and LR. Select BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa.

Definition: 

Warming and transforming static blood:  (wën huà  xuè) To treat cold-induced static blood manifesting in menstrual block or menstrual irregularities with dull pale menstrual flow, purple speckles on the tongue, and a tight sunken pulse.

Medication:  Agents that warm and transform static blood include Angelicae Sinensis Radix (däng guï), Paeoniae Radix Alba (bái sháo yào), Ligustici Rhizoma (chuän xiöng), Cinnamomi Ramulus (guì zhï), Moutan Radicis Cortex ( dän ), and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (shëng jiäng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LR and SP. Select BL-17 ( shü, Diaphragm Transport) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , as main points; needle with even supplementation and drainage and add moxa. For menstrual problems, add CV-3 (zhöng , Central Pole) , SP-8 ( , Earth's Crux) , and ST-29 (guï lái, Return) . See dispelling stasis and quickening the blood. See also menstrual irregularities; menstrual pain.

warming the center and dispelling cold

wën zhöng  hán

warming the center and dissipating cold.

warming the center and dissipating cold

wën zhöng sàn hán

Synonym:  warming the center and dispelling cold ;

Synonym:  warming the spleen .

A method of treatment used to treat cold in constitutional yang vacuity, spleen-stomach vacuity cold, or external cold entering the interior, characterized by a moist white tongue fur, moderate soggy or slow sunken pulse, physical debilitation and fatigued spirit, aversion to cold, diarrhea, abdominal pain that likes pressure and heat, and stomach pain and vomiting of clear fluid.

Medication:  Treatment is based on center-warming medicinals such as Zingiberis Rhizoma Exsiccatum (gän jiäng), Zingiberis Rhizoma Tostum (páo jiäng), Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma (gäo liáng jiäng), and Zanthoxyli Pericarpium (huä jiäo), combined with medicinals that fortify the spleen and boost the stomach such as Atractylodis Ovatae Rhizoma (bái zhú), Poria ( líng), and mix-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix (gän câo). Where cold signs are particularly pronounced, yang-warming medicinals such as Aconiti Tuber Laterale ( ) and Cinnamomi Cortex (ròu guì) may be added. Great Rectifying Powder ( shùn sân) dissipates cold and relieves pain. Center-Rectifying Pill ( zhöng wán) warms the spleen and checks diarrhea, and Evodia Decoction ( zhü  täng) warms the stomach and checks vomiting.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and ST. Select as main points CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , and CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa. For pronounced diarrhea, moxa may be applied at the five pillar points, or the cross moxa method can be used. Compare warming the spleen; warming the stomach.

warming the channels and dispelling cold

wën jïng  hán

warming the channels and dissipating cold.

warming the channels and dissipating cold

wën jïng sàn hán

Synonym:  warming the channels and dispelling cold .

A method of treatment used to address wind-cold-damp impediment with pronounced cold signs, such as pain in the joints relieved by warmth and inhibited bending and stretching, using channel-warming medicinals such as Aconiti Tuber (chuän  tóu), Cinnamomi Ramulus (guì zhï), Buthus (quán xië), and Angelicae Duhuo Radix ( huó). In cases with longer history, combinations include blood-quickening stasis-transforming medicinals as well as bone and sinew strengthening medicinals. Patients with weak constitutions may be given combinations that include blood-nourishing qi-boosting medicinals such as Angelicae Sinensis Radix (däng guï), Paeoniae Radix Alba (bái sháo yào), Astragali (seu Hedysari) Radix (huáng ), and Codonopsitis Radix (dâng shën). Commonly used channel-warming cold-dissipating formulas include Aconite Main Tuber Decoction ( tóu täng) and Tangkuei Counterflow Cold Decoction (däng guï   täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on , or select points on the affected channel. Use moxa, needle retention, or warm needle technique.

warming the gallbladder and quieting the spirit

wën dân än shén <

warming the gallbladder> A method of treatment used to address gallbladder vacuity causing vacuity vexation and insomnia.

Medication:  Gallbladder-Warming Decoction (wën dân täng).

warming the kidney

wën shèn

warming and supplementing kidney yang.

warming the kidney and disinhibiting water

wën shèn  shuî

A method of treatment used to address kidney yang vacuity water swelling. When the kidney is vacuous, the transformative action is inhibited; hence water-damp collects internally causing swelling of the limbs, somber white complexion, cold aching lumbus, short voidings of urine, pale tongue with thin white fur, and sunken fine weak pulse.

Medication:  A representative kidney-warming water disinhibiting formula is Life Saver Kidney Qi Pill ( shëng shèn  wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, CV, GV, and KI. Select BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , CV-9 (shuî fën, Water Divide) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , KI-7 ( lïu, Recover Flow) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa.

warming the kidney to promote qi absorption

wën shèn   <

warming the kidney> See supplementing the kidney to promote qi absorption.

warming the liver

nuân gän

A method of treatment used to warm and supplement the liver and kidney and to move qi and expel cold in the treatment of liver-kidney yin cold with smaller-abdominal pain or mounting qi . A commonly used liver-warming formula is Liver-Warming Brew (nuân gän jiän).

warming the lung and expelling rheum

wën fèi zhú yîn

warming the lung and transforming rheum.

warming the lung and transforming phlegm

wën fèi huà tán

warming the lung and transforming rheum.

warming the lung and transforming rheum

wën fèi huà yîn

Synonym:  warming the lung and expelling rheum ;

Synonym:  warming the lung and transforming phlegm ;

Synonym:  warming and transforming cold phlegm ;

Synonym:  warming and transforming cold rheum .

A method of treatment used to address cold rheum lying latent in the lung characterized by cough, counterflow panting with fullness that prevents the patient from lying down, copious foamy white phlegm, and swelling of the face and instep, occurring in episodes brought on by exposure to cold.

Medication:  A representative lung-warming rheum-transforming formula is Minor Green-Blue Dragon Decoction (xiâo qïng lóng täng). Others include Poria (Hoelen), Licorice, Schisandra, Ginger, and Asarum Decoction (líng gän  wèi jiäng xïn täng), Belamcanda and Ephedra Decoction (shè gän  huáng täng) and Phlegm-Rheum Pill (tán yîn wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, and LI. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , and LI-4 ( , Union Valley) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage and large amounts of moxa. See cold rheum lying latent in the lung; phlegm-rheum.

warming the spleen

wën 

A method of treatment used to address spleen vacuity cold, characterized by abdominal distention, reduced food intake, and possibly diarrhea or generalized water swelling, or, in women, copious thin white vaginal discharge.

Medication:  A representative spleen-warming formula is Center-Rectifying Decoction ( zhöng täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, SP, and ST. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) ; needle with supplementation and large amounts of moxa. Compare warming the center and dissipating cold.

warming the stomach

nuân wèi

A method of treatment used to address stomach cold, characterized by distention and cold pain exacerbated by drinking cold drinks, by vomiting of clear water, or vomiting after eating, and by a glossy white tongue fur and forceless fine sunken pulse.

Medication:  Stomach-warming medicinals include Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma (gäo liáng jiäng), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (shëng jiäng) or Zingiberis Rhizoma Exsiccatum (gän jiäng), Evodiae Fructus ( zhü ), Aquilariae Lignum (chén xiäng), Cyperi Rhizoma (xiäng  ), Cinnamomi Ramulus (guì zhï), Aconiti Tuber Laterale ( ), and Caryophylli Flos (dïng xiäng). Use Lesser Galangal and Cyperus Pill (liáng  wán), Evodia Decoction ( zhü  täng), or Clove Powder (dïng xiäng sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and ST. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , and BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) ; needle with supplementation and large amounts of moxa. Compare warming the center and dissipating cold.

warming the stomach and checking vomiting

wën wèi zhî ôu

A method of treatment used to address vomiting due to stomach qi vacuity cold. See cold vomiting.

warming the stomach and dissipating cold

wën wèi sàn hán

warming the stomach.

warming the stomach and fortifying the center

wën wèi jiàn zhöng <

warming the stomach> A method of treatment used to address stomach qi vacuity cold with dull stomach duct pain that lessens after eating, vomiting of clear water, diarrhea, pale tongue, and fine pulse.

Medication:  A representative stomach-warming center-fortifying formula is Astragalus Center-Fortifying Decoction (huáng  jiàn zhöng täng). For pronounced cold, Aconiti Tuber Laterale Conquitum (shú  ), Zingiberis Rhizoma Exsiccatum (gän jiäng), Evodiae Fructus ( zhü ), Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma (gäo liáng jiäng), and Aquilariae Lignum (chén xiäng) can be used to dispel cold.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, back transport points, and ST. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , and BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) ; needle with supplementation and large amounts of moxa.

warming the water viscus

wën shuî zàng

Warming and supplementing the life gate fire. See water viscus.

warming yang and disinhibiting dampness

wën yáng  shï

Synonym:  promoting qi transformation and disinhibiting water .

A method of treatment used to address yang qi obstructed by water-cold causing inhibited urination. When a patient has internal collection of water-damp and cold in the exterior, yang qi is blocked by water-cold, causing inhibited urination, headache, mild heat~effusion, heart vexation, thirst, vomiting of ingested fluids, a slimy white tongue fur and a floating pulse.

Medication:  Use Poria (Hoelen) Five Powder ( líng sân), which makes use of Cinnamomi Ramulus (guì zhï) to warm yang and promote qi transformation, and Poria (Hoelen) Four Powder ( líng sân) to move dampness and disinhibit water.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, back transport points, SP, and ST. Select BL-11 ( zhù, Great Shuttle) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , CV-9 (shuî fën, Water Divide) , BL-22 (sän jiäo shü, Triple Burner Transport) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) and ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) ; needle with drainage.

warming yang and transforming rheum

wën yáng huà yîn

A method of treatment used to address phlegm-rheum flowing rheum() in the stomach and intestines marked by reduced appetite, emaciation in normally obese people, rumbling intestines, sloppy stool, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and vomiting of foamy drool.

Medication:  Use formulas such as Poria (Hoelen), Cinnamon Twig, Ovate Atractylodes, and Licorice Decoction (líng guì zhú gän täng) or Golden Coffer Kidney Qi Pill (jïn guì shèn  wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and ST. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , BL-43 (gäo huäng shü, Gao-Huang Transport) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , and CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) ; needle with supplementation and large amounts of moxa.

warm malaria

wën nüè

Synonym:  kidney channel malaria .

characterized by generalized heat~effusion, with aversion to cold less pronounced than heat~effusion, headache, thirst with taking of fluids, constipation and reddish urine, inhibited sweating, joint pain, red tongue with yellow fur, and a rapid stringlike pulse.

Comparison:  Pure-heat malaria is essentially the same as warm malaria, but differs in degree of severity. Warm malaria is characterized by heat~effusion followed by aversion to cold, with pronounced heat~effusion and mild aversion to cold. Pure-heat malaria is characterized by heat~effusion without aversion to cold.

Medication:  Clear heat and resolve the flesh; dispel evil and interrupt malaria. Use White Tiger Decoction Plus Cinnamon Twig (bái  jiä guì zhï täng) plus Artemisiae Apiaceae seu Annuae Herba (qïng häo) to dispel evil and interrupt malaria, and Bupleuri Radix (chái ) to harmonize.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, PC, SI, and LI. Select GV-14 ( zhuï, Great Hammer) , GV-13 (táo dào, Kiln Path) , PC-5 (jiän shî, Intermediary Courier) , SI-3 (hòu , Back Ravine) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , and LI-4 ( , Union Valley) ; needle with drainage. For principles and methods of treatment see malaria.

warm needling

wën zhën

Burning moxa on the handle of an acupuncture needle inserted in the body. This method, whereby the needle conducts the heat into the flesh, is appropriate for vacuity cold diseases and wind-damp impediment patterns. Warm needling is done by first inserting the needle and placing a small piece of paper or aluminum foil around the needle. (Make a hole in the center of the piece of paper.) Moxa wool is then wrapped around the wire handle and lit. The paper will catch any ashes. The moxa is allowed to burn completely, and when no more heat radiates from the handle, the paper and moxa can be removed, and the needle withdrawn. One common practice is to snip a small cylindrical piece of moxa pole, and press a pointed object such as a pencil into the center of the cylinder, thus forming a hole that allows the moxa to be placed on the handle of the needle. This latter method is safer and more convenient because the ash is firmer and less likely to fall from the handle.

warm opening

expelling cold and opening the orifices.

warm precipitation

wën xià

A method of precipitation applied to cold-natured accumulation and stagnation forming interior repletion patterns often referred to as cold bind, and characterized by constipation, with abdominal fullness, cold extremities, white slimy tongue fur, and sunken stringlike or slow sunken pulse.

Medication:  Warm precipitation makes use of warm precipitating medicinals like Crotonis Semen ( dòu), or uses warm or hot medicinals in combination with cold ones, such as Aconiti Tuber Laterale ( ) and Asiasari Herba cum Radice ( xïn) with Rhei Rhizoma ( huáng). Representative formulas include Three Agents Emergency Pill (sän  bèi  wán) and Rhubarb and Aconite Decoction ( huáng   täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on the alarm, back transport, and lower uniting points of LI, and on CV, SP, KI, and other back transport points. Select BL-25 ( cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-37 (shàng  , Upper Great Hollow) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , KI-18 (shí guän, Stone Pass) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , and CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa. Apply moxa on salt or ginger at CV-8 (shén què, Spirit Gate Tower) .

warmth

wën

Definition: 

The quality or state of being warm.

Definition:  warm evil.

Definition:  One of the four qi (heat, cold, warmth, coolness) of medicinals, used in the treatment of cold patterns.

warm toxin

wën 

Synonym:  heat toxin ;

Synonym:  seasonal toxin .

Any febrile disease attributable to contraction of warm evil and heat toxin, usually occurring in the winter or spring. Warm toxin is characterized by sudden high fever and shivering, headache, nausea, vexation and agitation, thirst, red or crimson tongue with yellow fur, and a surging rapid pulse. As it continues its development, a red swollen head and face, swollen jowls, sore swollen throat with white putrescence, or maculopapular eruptions may be observed.

Western Medical Concept:  mumps* erysipelas* scarlet fever* typhus*!exanthematous mumps, erysipelas of the head and face, scarlet fever, exanthematous typhus.

Medication:  Clear heat and resolve toxin with formulas such as Universal Aid Toxin-Dispersing Beverage (  xiäo  yîn), Three Yellows and Gypsum Decoction (sän huáng shí gäo täng), or Coptis Toxin-Resolving Decoction (huáng lián jiê  täng). If heat enters construction-blood, cool the blood and resolve toxin with Scourge-Clearing Toxin-Vanquishing Beverage (qïng wën bài  yîn).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LI, ST, and LU. Select GV-14 ( zhuï, Great Hammer) , LI-11 ( chí, Pool at the Bend) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) , ST-43 (xiàn , Sunken Valley) , and LU-10 ( , Fish Border) ; needle with drainage, and prick the to bleed. For heat entering yin blood, add SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , PC-7 ( líng, Great Mound) , and HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) ; needle with drainage or bloodletting. See massive head scourge; mumps.

Warring States

zhàn guó

The name of a dynastic period (475--221 ).

wart

yóu

From The Magic Pivot (líng shü) A skin-colored, white or dirty yellowish nonsuppurating growth up to the size of a soybean, like the center of a daisy or similar flower in texture, dry and light in substance, slightly painful under pressure, tending to bleed easily when knocked or grazed, and occurring singly or multiply on the back, the back of the fingers, or scalp; attributed to wind evil contending in the skin or to liver vacuity and blood dryness and sinew qi lacking in luxuriance.

Western Medical Concept:  verruca vulgaris* wart*!common verruca vulgaris (common wart).

Medication:  Rub with chicken's Galli Gigerii Endothelium ( nèi jïn) or crushed Bruceae Fructus ( dân ).

Acupuncture:  Treat with moxa.

washing

To remove earth or unwanted parts by dipping, rubbing, or scrubbing in water. With the exception of flowers, whose active constituents are easily lost in water, most materials are washed before use. The main aim of washing is to remove earth: materials should not be left in water too long otherwise they lose their active constituents. Light, soft materials in particular should be washed as quickly as possible. See processing of medicinals.

wasted blood

bài xuè

Static blood that has not been discharged from the body.

wasted blood surging into the heart

bài xuè chöng xïn

One of the three postpartum surges. Spirit-mind derangement, mania, or withdrawal stemming from retention of the lochia, and attributed to upsurge of retained lochia.

wasted blood surging into the lung

bài xuè chöng fèi

One of the three postpartum surges. A critical postpartum condition characterized by oppression in the chest, vexation and agitation, red face, rapid breathing, counterflow panting, or nosebleed.

Medication:  Treat with Two-Ingredient Ginseng and Sappan Beverage (èr wèi shën  yîn), adding Mirabilitum (máng xiäo) in particularly severe cases.

wasted blood surging into the stomach

bài xuè chöng wèi

One of the three postpartum surges. A postpartum condition of bloating, oppression, nausea, vomiting, abdominal fullness, distention, and pain attributed to retention and upsurge of the lochia.

Medication:  Treat with Stomach-Calming Powder (píng wèi sân) or Return Again Elixir (lái  dän).

water

shuî

Definition: 

The clear liquid of streams and rivers.

Definition:  Any form of fluid, in particular ingested fluids (such as in the expression sea of grain and water), and waste fluids or urine (as in waterways).

Definition:  Specifically, fluid accumulation refers to fluid accumulations in the form of water swelling attributable to morbidity of the lung, spleen, or kidney. Water in this context is often known as water qi. Distinction is made between yin water and yang water. Yin water patterns are ones of vacuity or cold patterns that develop slowly and are difficult to cure. Yang water patterns are ones of repletion or heat patterns that develop rapidly and can be eliminated swiftly. See water swelling.

Definition:  In the doctrine of the five phases, the water phase, to which the kidney corresponds.

Definition:  An alternate name for the kidney (and its corresponding bowel, the bladder), as in the phrase ``water failing to moisten wood.''

water by nature flows downward

shuî xìng líu xià

The nature of water as described in the doctrine of the five phases. In the body, water-damp tends to flow downward causing diarrhea and fatigue and water swelling of the lower limbs.

water chest bind

shuî jié xiöng

Synonym:  water qi chest bind ;

Synonym:  water-heat chest bind .

A condition attributed to water-rheum binding in the chest and rib-side, and characterized by pain and oppression in the chest and rib-side, a gurgling sound in the chest in response to pressing, fearful throbbing below the heart, and sweating from the head.

Medication:  Transform water-damp and quiet the heart spirit using formulas such as Minor Pinellia Decoction Plus Poria (Hoelen) (xiâo bàn xià jiä  líng täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, PC, LR, SP, and HT. Needle with drainage at PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) and HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) . If rheum and heat bind to form a major chest bind, treat by opening bind and expelling water. See major chest bind; chest bind.

water-cold shooting into the lung

shuî hán shè fèi

A pattern that occurs in patients suffering from phlegm-rheum or water swelling when they contract cold evil. Cold evil stirs the water-rheum and both evils rise into the lung counterflow, causing nondiffusion of lung qi. The chief signs are cough, hasty panting with inability to lie down and puffy swelling of the lower limbs. Other signs include copious thin white phlegm-drool, fullness and oppression in the chest and rib-side, distention and fullness in the lesser abdomen, cold pain in the lumbar region, cold knees and lower legs, and scant urine. In some cases, there may be aversion to cold with heat~effusion, absence of sweating, and generalized pain. The tongue fur is thin, white, and glossy, or white and slimy. The pulse is tight and floating or tight and stringlike.

Medication:  Warm the lung and transform rheum; assist yang and disinhibit water. Use Minor Green-Blue Dragon Decoction (xiâo qïng lóng täng) combined with True Warrior Decoction (zhën  täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, ST, CV, and back transport points. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , and CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , to warm the lung and transform rheum, and select CV-9 (shuî fën, Water Divide) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-22 (sän jiäo shü, Triple Burner Transport) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) to assist yang and disinhibit water; needle with supplementation and moxa.

water counterflow

shuî 

From On Cold Damage (shäng hán lùn) which states, ``Wind-damage with heat~effusion failing to resolve in six or seven days, with heart vexation and exterior signs, thirst and drinking of water with immediate vomiting of water ingested is called ``water counterflow.'' Later physicians referred to any vomiting of clear water or thirst and drinking of water with immediate vomiting of ingested water as ``water counterflow.'' Counterflow water is attributed to the presence of deep-lying rheum.

Medication:  Free yang and disinhibit water with Poria (Hoelen) Five Powder ( líng sân). If there is qi vacuity, use Six Gentlemen Decoction (lìu jün  täng) plus Terra Flava Usta ( lóng gän).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on BL, TB, CV, ST, and SP. Select BL-11 ( zhù, Great Shuttle) , BL-64 (jïng , Capital Bone) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , TB-3 (zhöng zhû, Central Islet) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-9 (shuî fën, Water Divide) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage or with drainage, and add moxa. For qi vacuity, supplement BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , and BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) .

water-damp

shuî shï

Any water or dampness as an actual or potential cause of disease. The term ``water-damp'' is commonly used in the context of the spleen, especially regarding its function of governing the movement and transformation of fluids and its intolerance of dampness.

water diarrhea

shuî xiè

Synonym:  outpour diarrhea .

Diarrhea characterized by watery stool; observed in damp diarrhea, cold diarrhea, and heat diarrhea.

water distention

shuî zhàng

Definition: 

water swelling.

Definition:  Abdominal distention with gradually developing water swelling.

water drum

shuî 

Synonym:  water gu ;

Synonym:  water drum distention .

A disease pattern characterized by abdominal distention which gurgles when the patient moves. Water drum is usually caused by excessive consumption of liquor that impairs free coursing of the liver, with resultant liver depression damaging the spleen causing impaired movement and transformation that causes water-damp to collect. It is associated with a withered-yellow facial complexion, rib-side pain, red speckles on the body (spider nevi), and sometimes jaundice. In persistent cases, there is scant urine and generalized swelling that pits when pressed.

Medication:  Boost qi and supplement the blood; nourish yin and disinhibit urine. Use Spleen-Firming Beverage (shí  yîn) plus Angelicae Sinensis Radix (däng guï) and Toosendan Fructus (chuän liàn ). For pronounced water-rheum, add Cinnamomi Ramulus (guì zhï), Polyporus (zhü líng), and Alismatis Rhizoma ( xiè). Alternatively, use Stomach-Calming Poria (Hoelen) Five Decoction (wèi líng täng) combined with Bupleurum Liver-Coursing Powder (chái  shü gän sân). For persistent cases with generalized water swelling, apply the principle of attack followed by supplementation using water-expelling medicinals such as Pharbitidis Semen (qiän níu ) and Kansui Radix (gän suì), combined with water-disinhibiting medicinals such as Poria ( líng), Phaseoli Calcarati Semen (chì xiâo dòu), and Plantaginis Semen (chë qián ), followed by regulating and supplementing formulas such as Poria (Hoelen) Five Powder ( líng sân) or Four Gentlemen Decoction ( jün  täng).

Acupuncture:  Two groups of points may be applied. CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-9 (shuî fën, Water Divide) , and ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) . SP-15 ( hèng, Great Horizontal) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-9 (shuî fën, Water Divide) , and ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) . Alternate the groups and needle with drainage in treatments every 3--5 days. After needling, moxa CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , and bilateral SP-15 ( hèng, Great Horizontal) for 30--60 minutes.

water drum distention

shuî 

water drum.

water failing to help fire

shuî   huô

fire and water failing to aid each other.

water failing to moisten wood

shuî  hán 

Kidney yin vacuity (water) causing insufficiency of liver yin (wood). In the five phases, the kidney belongs to water and the liver belongs to wood. Water failing to moisten wood manifests as low fever, dizziness, tinnitus, deafness, aching lumbus, seminal emission, and dry throat. When insufficiency of liver yin stirs internal wind, there may also be wriggling of the extremities or even jerking. See enriching water to moisten wood.

water failing to transform into qi

shuî  huà 

A disturbance of normal distribution and discharge of water in the body characterized by inhibited urination and water swelling. Normally, water (fluid in the body) is subject to qi transformation, in which the lung, spleen, and kidney are involved. When the transformative action of qi is impaired, and especially when kidney yang is vacuous, free flow through the waterways of the triple burner is jeopardized and water fails to turn into steam (transform into qi) and spread around the body. See qi transformation.

water-grinding

shuî fëi

Fine grinding of medicinal materials in water. The materials are first roughly crushed. They are then placed in a porcelain mortar, covered with water, and ground until the grating sound of rough lumps ceases. At this point, more water is mixed in, and the water that contains suspended particles is poured off and reserved. More water and materials are added to the mortar, and the process is repeated. The reserved suspension is allowed to stand until the particles have settled, and the excess water is poured off. The remaining sludge is sun-dried, after which it is ready for use. This method is used for minerals and shells. Its advantage over dry grinding is that fine particles do not blow away or get lost, and that impurities dissolved in the water are (at least partly) removed. The much finer power it produces makes for greater assimilation of orally taken medicinals and reduces irritation in topical applications. Cinnabaris (zhü shä), Talcum (huá shí), Smithsonitum ( gän shí), and Realgar (xióng huáng) are treated in this way for laryngeal insufflation, topical eye medication, or for coating pills. See water processing.

water gu

shuî 

From The Origin and Indicators of Disease (zhü bìng yuán hòu lùn) Abdominal distention due to the gathering of water toxin qi. See water drum.

water-heat chest bind

shuî  jié xiöng

water chest bind.

water mounting

shuî shàn

Painful swelling and periodic sweating of the scrotum attributed to water-damp pouring downward or to contraction of wind, cold, and damp evils. In some cases, the scrotum is greatly enlarged and translucent; sometimes there is itching and discharge of yellow fluid; sometimes pressing the abdomen produces a sound of water.

Western Medical Concept:  hydrocele of tunica vaginalis* hydrocele*!scrotal hydrocele of tunica vaginalis, scrotal hydrocele.

Medication:  Expel water and move qi using variations of Poria (Hoelen) Five Powder ( líng sân) for mild cases, and Water Controller Yu Powder ( göng sân) for severe cases.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LR, ST, and SP. Select LR-8 ( quán, Spring at the Bend) , ST-28 (shuî dào, Waterway) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , CV-3 (zhöng , Central Pole) , LR-4 (zhöng fëng, Mound Center) , and LR-1 ( dün, Large Pile) ; needle with drainage. Add moxa for cold patterns.

water panting

shuî chuân

Panting attributed to water-rheum invading the lung, and occurring when the kidney allows water to collect and the spleen fails to transform dampness and the resulting water qi ascends to the lung impairing depurative downbearing. Signs include qi counterflow rapid panting, oppression and fullness in the chest, abdominal distention, fearful throbbing, and swelling of the head, face, and limbs.

Medication:  Treatment can be directed at the root or tip according to need. To treat the tip, expel water and disinhibit dampness, and diffuse and downbear lung qi. To treat the root, move the spleen and warm the kidney. If panting precedes distention, focus treatment on the lung; if distention precedes panting, focus treatment on the spleen. Use Minor Green-Blue Dragon Decoction (xiâo qïng lóng täng) or Descurainiae seu Lepidii Semen (tíng  ) and Ziziphi Fructus Ater (hëi zâo) to drain the lung. Use Poria (Hoelen), Cinnamon Twig, Ovate Atractylodes, and Licorice Decoction (líng guì zhú gän täng), True Warrior Decoction (zhën  täng), or Kidney Qi Pill (shèn  wán) to move the spleen and warm the kidney.

Acupuncture:  If panting precedes distention, base treatment mainly on LU, back transport points, and CV. Select , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LU-5 (chî , Cubit Marsh) , BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , BL-22 (sän jiäo shü, Triple Burner Transport) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) ; needle with drainage. If panting follows distention, base treatment mainly on back transport points, CV, GV, LU, and SP. Select BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , BL-22 (sän jiäo shü, Triple Burner Transport) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , , LU-5 (chî , Cubit Marsh) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) and ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa.

water pill

shuî wán

A preparation made by mixing the finely ground materials with cold water, yellow wine, vinegar, fresh herb juice, as the formula stipulates, before forming pills either by hand or by machine.

water processing

shuî zhì

Any of various methods of treating medicinal materials with clean water to remove impurities, foreign bodies, unwanted elements (such as sand, earth, salt, unpleasant odors), to increase suppleness to facilitate cutting, to refine minerals, and to reduce toxicity. Methods must be carefully chosen to prevent loss of active constituents. See washing; steeping; long rinsing; covered moistening; water-grinding. See processing of medicinals.

water qi

shuî 

Pathological excesses of water in the body and, specifically, water swelling provoked by it. The main cause is impairment of movement and transformation of water due to spleen-kidney yang vacuity. ``Qi'' in the term ``water qi'' reflects the notion of water in this context as a pervasive (pathological) phenomenon. See water swelling.

water qi chest bind

shuî  jié xiöng

water chest bind.

water qi intimidating the heart

shuî  líng xïn

Upsurge of water qi causing disturbances of the heart. Spleen-yang vacuity and impairment of qi transformation causing water to be retained in the body and thereby causing water qi, which can manifest as phlegm-rheum or water swelling. When the water surges upward and lodges in the chest and diaphragm, it can cause devitalization of heart yang and disquieting of heart qi manifesting in the form of heart palpitations and hasty breathing. This is what is known as water qi intimidating the heart. The chief signs are heart palpitations, panting with inability to lie flat, generalized puffy swelling, and a bright white facial complexion. Other signs include flusteredness, lassitude of spirit and fatigue, fear of cold and cold limbs, and short voidings of scant clear urine.

Medication:  Warm yang and disinhibit water. Use True Warrior Decoction (zhën  täng) or Poria (Hoelen) Five Powder ( líng sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, back transport points, HT, and PC. Select BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , PC-4 ( mén, Cleft Gate) , HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , CV-9 (shuî fën, Water Divide) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage or with drainage, and add moxa.

water rampart

shuî kuò

See eight ramparts.

water-rheum

shuî yîn

Fluid exuded by diseased organs. Clear thin fluid is known as ``water,'' whereas thin sticky fluid is known as ``rheum.'' These differ in name and form, but are in essence the same; hence the compound term.

water-soaking sore

shuî  chuäng

A sore, usually of the hand, attributable to long soaking in water and local friction. A water-soaking sore starts with swelling, white putrefaction, and wrinkling, that with continued friction and soaking becomes painful and itchy.

Western Medical Concept:  dermatitis*!paddy field paddy field dermatitis* paddy field dermatitis.

Medication:  Treat by washing in a decoction of Alumen (bái fán). Indigo Powder (qïng dài sân) can be applied if the skin is ruptured.

water swelling

shuî zhông

Synonym:  water ;

Synonym:  water qi ;

Synonym:  water distention .

Swelling of the flesh arising when organ dysfunction (spleen, kidney, lung) due to internal or external causes allows water to accumulate. Water swelling stands in contradistinction to toxin swelling, which denotes a localized swelling due to the local presence of toxin as in the case of welling-abscess , flat-abscess , boils , clove sores , and other sores.

Western Medical Concept:  edema* edema*!endocrinologic edema*!nutritional edema*!nephrotic edema*!hepatogenic edema*!cardiogenic cardiogenic edema, nephrotic edema, hepatogenic edema, nutritional edema, and endocrinologic edema. Water swelling patterns have been classified in different ways. For example, Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Coffer (jïn guì yào lüè) distinguishes between wind water, skin water, regular water, and stone water. Dan Xi's Experiential Methods (dän  xïn ) differentiates yin water and yang water. A primary distinction exists between vacuity and repletion. patterns are attributable to spleen-kidney yang vacuity preventing the normal movement and transformation of water-damp.

Medication:  Warm the kidney, fortify the spleen, boost qi, and free yang. Use formulas such as Spleen-Firming Beverage (shí  yîn) or Golden Coffer Kidney Qi Pill (jïn guì shèn  wán). patterns are attributed to the invasion of external evils impairing diffusion of lung qi, the triple burner's governing of the sluices, or the qi transformation function of the bladder.

Medication:  Course wind, diffuse the lung, percolate dampness, and expel water. Use Spleen-Effusing Decoction (yuè  täng), Poria (Hoelen) Five Powder ( líng sân), or Five-Peel Beverage (  yîn). Vacuity patterns often develop from repletion patterns and repletion patterns may arise in patients suffering from vacuity water swelling. Patients suffering from water swelling should control salt intake and avoid catching colds. Water swelling is variously labeled according to its nature. See yang water; yin water; wind water; qi swelling; vacuous puffiness; puffy swelling. It is also labeled according to location: see puffy face; sleeping silkworms beneath the eyes; swelling of the feet; swelling of the feet and lower legs. See also yellow swelling; swelling of pregnancy. Compare cold damage water amassment pattern; toxin swelling; distention.

water toxin

shuî 

A disease spoken of in ancient literature attributed to poisoning of water by malign worms at the source of rivers and said to be marked by aversion to cold, slight headache, pain in the eye sockets, heart vexation, rigidity of the joints of the lumbus and back, knee pain, desire only for sleep, and counterflow cold of the limbs up to the knees and elbows. Water toxin was also said to cause sores in the lower areas that are neither painful nor or itchy, and that suppurate and burst, dampness pouring downward, failure to eat, manic speech, and passage of bloody matter like a mashed liver.

water viscus

shuî zàng

The kidney. The kidney is sometimes referred to as the water viscus (e.g., in the phrase ``warm the water viscus'') because it is ascribed to water in the five phases and because it governs water. See kidney governs water; viscus of fire and water.

water wheel

shuî lún

The pupil of the eye; related to the kidney.

watery sniveling

qíu shuî

sniveling nose.

waving fish pulse

 xiáng mài

See seven strange pulses.

waxing and waning of yin and yang

yïn yáng xiäo zhâng

Many yin-yang paired phenomena alternate their strength and prevalence. For example, daytime activity alternates with nighttime rest, and bursts of energy and enthusiasm are often followed by lethargy and disenchantment.

weak pulse

ruò mài

A pulse that is sunken and without force. A weak pulse is associated with vacuity of qi and blood.

weak stomach malign obstruction

wèi ruò è 

Malign obstruction (vomiting in pregnancy) arising from spleen-stomach vacuity. In pregnancy, thoroughfare vessel qi is exuberant and in women suffering from spleen-stomach vacuity, it can impair stomach harmony and downbearing, causing oppression in the stomach duct and abdominal distention, vomiting and reduced food intake, or immediate vomiting of ingested food.

Medication:  Fortify the spleen and harmonize the stomach; regulate qi and check vomiting. An appropriate formula is Six Gentlemen Decoction (lìu jün  täng) with the addition of Eriobotryae Folium (  ), Agastaches seu Pogostemi Herba (huò xiäng), Inulae Flos (xuán  huä), Amomi Semen seu Fructus (shä rén), and Aurantii Fructus (zhî ).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, PC, SP, and back transport points. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) , BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , and LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) ; needle with supplementation.

weak stomach qi

wèi  ruò

Poor appetite; poor spleen-stomach function. See stomach qi.

weak wilting lumbus and knees

yäo  wêi ruò

limp wilting lumbus and knees.

wear

hào

Describes gradual loss of, or damage to (the blood, fluids, etc.) associated with enduring illness. See exuberance and debilitation.

weeping canthus

lòu jïng

A disease pattern characterized by discharge of pus from the canthus on application of pressure, or, in severe cases, a red hot swollen lump at the inner canthus that refuses pressure, and that turns into a sore or a fistula. Weeping canthus is attributed to depressed heat in the heart channel or wind-heat attacking the inner canthus.

Western Medical Concept:  dacryocystitis* dacryocystitis.

Medication:  Course wind, clear heat, drain fire, and resolve toxin. Take Three Yellows Decoction (sän huáng täng) orally and apply Agreeable Golden Yellow Powder (  jïn huáng sân) topically.

Wei

wèi

The name of a dynasty ( 220--265).

wei

wêi

wilting.

welling-abscess

yöng

Definition: 

Synonym:  external welling-

abscess .

A large suppuration in the flesh characterized by a painful swelling and redness that is clearly circumscribed, and that before rupturing is soft and characterized by a thin shiny skin. Before suppuration begins, it can be easily dispersed; when pus has formed, it easily ruptures; after rupture, it easily closes and heals. It may be associated with generalized heat~effusion, thirst, yellow tongue fur and a rapid pulse.

Western Medical Concept:  lymphadenitis*!acute purulent acute purulent lymphadenitis* abscess*!superficial cellulitis* superficial abscess; cellulitis; acute purulent lymphadenitis. A welling-abscess results from congealing and stagnation of qi and blood arising when damp-heat and fire toxin block the channels. This pathomechanism can usually be traced to excessive consumption of rich foods or to toxin contracted through unclean wounds. The term welling-abscess is often used in contradistinction to flat-abscess, and the difference between them is pointed out in The Inner Canon (nèi jïng) ``welling-abscesses are shallow and light; flat-absceses are deep and heavy; welling-abscess effuse from the six bowels; flat-abscess effuse from the five viscera.'' Orthodox External Medicine (wài  zhèng zöng) explains the difference in greater detail: ``welling-abscess means congestion; it is yang; it is ascribed to toxin of the six bowels prevailing in the outer; it appears suddenly and is floating [i.e., superficial or buoyant] and shallow. Because it originates from the yang aspect, and because yang qi is light, clear, and floating, it the welling-abscess rises high, easily swells, easily forms pus, easily putrefies, and easily closes, and does not damage the sinew and bone, and is easy to treat. Flat-abscess, meaning obstruction; marsh, is yin; it is ascribed to toxin of the five viscera attacking the inner body; it develops slowly and its location is deep. Because it originates from the yin aspect, and because yin-blood is heavy and turbid, it the flat-abscess is sinking in nature, damages the sinew, erodes the bone, and is difficult to cure.''

Definition: 

Synonym:  internal welling-abscess .

A suppuration in the chest or abdomen affecting the organs; probably so called because it shares many of the yang qualities of external welling-abscess, except for its location in the body. They include intestinal welling-abscess, pulmonary welling-abscess, liver welling-abscess, and stomach welling-abscess, which correspond roughly to appendicitis, pulmonary abscess, liver abscess, and pathologies of the stomach respectively in Western medicine. Compare flat-abscess.

welling-abscess of the liver

gän yöng

A welling-abscess affecting the liver. It is attributed either to liver depression transforming into fire, qi stagnation and blood stasis, or to accumulated dampness engendering phlegm. It starts with dull pain at LR-14 ( mén, Cycle Gate) , followed by the gradual development of distending pain in the right rib-side that refuses pressure and prevents the patient from lying on the right side. There is often aversion to cold and heat~effusion, and the pulse is wiry and rapid. As the condition progresses, the pain becomes more acute, and a persistent heat~effusion is present. If it continues, unless successfully treated, it can burst, giving rise to coughing and vomiting of pus or the passage of pus in the stool.

Western Medical Concept:  abscess*!hepatic cholecystitis*!suppurative echinococcosis*!hepatic hepatic abscess, suppurative cholecystitis and inflammation of the biliary tract, and hepatic echinococcosis.

Medication:  In the initial stage, when due to liver fire, clear the liver and drain fire with Bupleurum Liver-Coursing Powder (chái  shü gän sân); when due to damp phlegm, rectify qi and transform phlegm using Qi-Clearing Phlegm-Transforming Pill (qïng  huà tán wán) plus Cyperi Rhizoma (xiäng  ), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (däng guï), and Curcumae Tuber ( jïn). When pus has formed, treat by clearing the liver and draining fire assisted by expelling pus; after rupture, add lung-clearing and intestine-clearing medicinals. For topical treatment, see intestinal welling-abscess. After healing, use Four Agents Decoction (  täng) for adjustment.

welling-abscess of the lung

fèi yöng

pulmonary welling-abscess.

welling-abscess of the stomach

wèi yöng

welling-abscess of the stomach duct.

welling-abscess of the stomach duct

wèi wân guân yöng

Definition: 

Synonym:  welling-

abscess of the stomach ;

Synonym:  stomach duct welling-abscess ;

Synonym:  stomach welling-abscess ;

Synonym:  internal welling-abscess of the stomach duct .

A welling-abscess arising in the stomach duct. Four Agents Decoction ( xué  mén)} attributes it to ``depressed fire arising from diet and the seven affects that becomes isolated by externally contracted cold qi, filling the stomach duct.'' It starts with dull pain and slight swelling at CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , a sunken fine stomach pulse, generalized heat~effusion, and dry skin. The local area becomes hard with pain stretching into the heart. Abatement of the heat~effusion and pain are favorable signs; spreading of pus that causes the stomach and intestines to rot is an unfavorable sign.

Medication:  In the initial state, free the bowels and drain heat, move stasis and dissipate binds. Use Rhubarb and Moutan Decoction ( huáng  dän  täng). When pus has formed, move stasis and expel pus with medicinals such as Phaseoli Calcarati Semen (chì xiâo dòu), Coicis Semen (  rén), Fangji Radix (fáng ), and Glycyrrhizae Radix (gän câo). After the pulse has been expelled, supplement qi with Center-Supplementing Qi-Boosting Decoction ( zhöng   täng).

Definition:  An external welling-abscess located at CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) . For treatment, see external welling-abscess.

welling-abscess of the testicle

 yöng

A welling-abscess growing on the testicle. Two patterns are observed:

Damp-heat pouring downward  (shï  xià zhù) and causing causing qi and blood to congeal and stagnate gives rise to welling-abscess of the testicle characterized by sudden swelling and heat in one side of the scrotum, shiny stretched skin of the scrotum, and acute pain and hard swelling of the testicle. After bursting and discharging thick yellow pus, it heals rapidly.

Western Medical Concept:  suppurative orchitis* Suppurative orchitis.

Medication:  Clear heat and disinhibit dampness. Use Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng) plus Citri Semen ( ), Litchi Semen ( zhï ), and Toosendan Fructus (chuän liàn ). Golden Yellow Paste (jïn huáng gäo).

Yin vacuity and congealing phlegm-damp  (tán shï níng zhì) gives rise to a welling-abscess of the testicle characterized by gradual swelling and hardening of the testicle, with mild pain, absence of heat and redness. It takes takes several months (or even up to two years) to begin suppurating, and after bursting, it discharges thin pus, and heals with difficulty.

Western Medical Concept:  tuberculosis of testis* tuberculosis of the testis.

Medication:  Enrich yin and eliminate dampness; transform stasis and free the network vessels. Use Yin-Enriching Dampness-Eliminating Decoction (  chú shï täng).

welling-abscess of the throat

hóu yöng

A welling-abscess within the throat. Welling-abscess of the throat is attributable to disharmony among the organs and qi and blood and to wind evil lodging in the throat. It develops swiftly, often being associated with aversion to cold and high fever, phlegm-drool congestion, and labored breathing.

Western Medical Concept:  abscess*!retropharyngeal abscess*!peritonsillar quinsy* peritonsillar abscess (quinsy), retropharyngeal abscess.

Medication:  Course the exterior and resolve toxin; clear heat and disperse swelling. Use Throat-Clearing Diaphragm-Disinhibiting Decoction (qïng yän   täng) as oral medication and Borneol and Borax Powder (bïng péng sân) applied by insufflation. Lancing may be performed after formation of pus. A decoction of Lonicerae Flos (jïn yín huä), Menthae Herba ( ), Glycyrrhizae Radix (gän câo), Forsythiae Fructus (lián qiào), and Platycodonis Radix (jié gêng) can be used a mouthwash.

welling-abscess swelling

yöng zhông

The swelling of welling-abscess .

well point

jîng xué

See transport points.

Western Former Han

 hàn

The name of a dynasty (206 -- 24).

Western Jin

 jìn

The name of a dynasty ( 265--316).

Western Wei

 wèi

The name of a dynasty ( 535--556).

Western Zhou

 zhöu

The name of a dynasty (approx. 11th cent. to 771 ).

wet spreading sore

jìn yín chuäng

A sore small sore that easily spreads by scratching. A wet spreading sore when first appearing on the skin is about the size of grain of millet. It itches incessantly, and when scratched, spreads very quickly. In severe cases, it is associated with generalized heat~effusion. It is attributed to congealing stagnating heart fire and spleen dampness that after further contraction of external evil becomes depressed in the skin.

Western Medical Concept:  dermatitis*!infectiosa eczematoides eczema*!acute Engman's disease* acute eczema and Engman's disease (dermatitis infectiosa eczematoides).

Medication:  Dispel wind and overcome dampness; clear heat and cool the blood. Take Wind-Dispersing Powder (xiäo fëng sân). Apply Indigo Powder (qïng dài sân) or Three Stones Powder (sän shí sân). Alternatively, use powdered Coptidis Rhizoma (huáng lián).

wheat-grain intradermal needle

mài  xíng  nèi zhën

A small needle about 1 cm long, continuous with and in the same plane as a circle of wire that forms the head. A small intradermal needle with a handle the shape of a grain of wheat, used in the embedded needle method. A wheat-grain intradermal needle is inserted transversely into the skin to a depth of about 1 cm and the handle is then held flat against the skin by adhesive tape. See needle implantation.

wheezing

xiäo

Hasty rapid breathing with phlegm rale in the throat. Indispensable Medical Reading ( zöng  ) states ``Wheezing is similar to panting, but does not have as much opening of the mouth and expelling of air, and is characterized by a wheezy sound.'' The Orthodox Tradition of Medicine ( xué zhèng zhuàn) states, ``Hasty panting with frog rale in the throat is wheezing.'' See wheezing patterns.

wheezing and panting

xiäo chuân

See wheezing.

wheezing patterns

xiäo zhèng

Ailments characterized by paroxysmal phlegm rale and rapid panting. The phlegm rale is like the rasping sound of a saw, and in severe cases there is gaping mouth and raised shoulders, distended and protruding eyes, somber white facial complexion, and green-blue or purple lips and nails, with sweating as in desertion. Repeated attacks lead to debilitation of lung qi and wearing of the true origin. Wheezing patterns are treated by supplementing spleen and kidney, and, during attacks, by dispelling evil, diffusing and downbearing lung qi, flushing phlegm and calming panting. In vacuity-repletion complexes, treatment to support right and dispel evil can be given together. Wheezing patterns include the following: cold wheezing; heat wheezing; salt wheezing; phlegm wheezing; kidney wheezing. Compare panting.

when blood is despoliated, there is no sweat; when sweat is despoliated, there is no blood

duó xuè zhî  han4, duó hàn zhê  xuè <

despoliation of the blood> From The Magic Pivot (líng shü) Because blood and sweat are of the same source, drastic loss of the blood reduces sweat, and drastic loss of sweat reduces the blood. For this reason, patients that have bled should not be allowed to sweat, and in patients that have sweated, nothing should be done that causes wear on the blood. See heart governs sweat; heart governs the blood and vessels.

when cold prevails there is swelling

hán shèng  

From Elementary Questions ( wèn) When cold prevails, yang qi is insufficient. Congealing cold and stagnant qi affect the movement of blood and water-damp collects. The swelling associated in Western medicine with chronic nephritis is usually a pattern of cold qi and spleen-kidney yang vacuity.

when dampness prevails, there is soft stool diarrhea

shï shèng   xiè

Dampness causes diarrhea. The spleen is averse to dampness and likes dryness. Exuberant damp qi in the inner body obstructs spleen yang, impairing movement and transformation. Hence there is abdominal distention and oppression accompanied by diarrhea.

when dampness prevails, yang is debilitated

shï shèng  yáng wëi

Dampness damages yang qi. Dampness is a heavy, turbid, sticky evil, and obstructs the activity of yang qi, especially that of the spleen, causing a white complexion, oppression in the chest, abdominal distention, glomus and fullness, diarrhea, and, in severe cases, water swelling. In treating dampness, attention must be paid to safeguarding yang qi, to disinhibiting urine, and to avoiding excessive use of cold or cool medicinals.

when dryness prevails, there is aridity

zào shèng  gän

Dryness qi causes dry signs. Dryness qi causes damage to the fluids, causing dry mouth and nose, dry lusterless skin, dry cough without phlegm, short scant voidings of urine, and dry bound stool.

when evil qi is exuberant, there is repletion

xié  shèng  shí <

when evil qi is exuberant> From Elementary Questions ( wèn) In the course of disease, exuberance of evil qi and the violent reaction of right qi manifests as a repletion pattern. Vigorous heat~effusion, absence of sweating, vexation and agitation, mania, abdominal pain that refuses pressure, constipation and reddish urine, and forceful slippery rapid pulse are all repletion signs attributable to exuberant evil qi.

when heat prevails, there is swelling

 shèng  zhông

Prevalence of yang heat can cause local pain and swelling. When heat lies depressed in the flesh, skin, and interstices, then qi and blood become congested, causing sores characterized redness, swelling, heat, pain, and suppuration.

when qi is vacuous, there is cold

   hán

Insufficiency of yang qi gives rise to yin cold. When yang qi is insufficient, it fails to warm and nourish the bowels and viscera, and gives rise to signs such as aversion to cold and cold limbs, lassitude of the spirit and lack of strength, bland taste in the mouth and lack of thirst, white facial complexion and pale tongue, clear urine and sloppy stool, and a slow sunken pulse or fine weak pulse. Elementary Questions ( wèn) states, ``When yang is vacuous, there is external cold.''

when the kidney is full, marrow is replete

shèn chöng  suî shí

See kidney engenders bone and marrow.

when there is stoppage, there is pain

 töng  tòng

Pain arises when the free movement of qi and blood is inhibited, as in qi stagnation, blood stasis, and cold.

when the stomach is in disharmony, there is unquiet sleep

wèi      än <

when the stomach is in disharmony> From The Inner Canon (nèi jïng) When the stomach is in disharmony as observed in phlegm-fire harassing the upper body or spleen-stomach vacuity, there may be poor sleep or insomnia.

Medication:  Harmonize the stomach, transform dampness, and dispel phlegm. Use formulas such as Two Matured Ingredients Stomach-Calming Powder (èr chén píng wèi sân) plus Acori Rhizoma (shí chäng ) and Pumex (hâi  shí), or plus Gardeniae Fructus (shän zhï ) and Coptidis Rhizoma (huáng lián). If the stool is hard and bound, use Phlegm-Abducting Decoction (dâo tán täng); if there is stomach duct pain, use Phlegm-Rolling Pill (gûn tán wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on HT, SP, ST, and CV. Main points: , HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , and PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) . Selection of points according to cause: For phlegm-heat harassing the upper body, add LI-4 ( , Union Valley) and LI-11 ( chí, Pool at the Bend) ; needle with drainage. For spleen-stomach vacuity, add BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) and BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) ; needle with supplementation. Selection of points according to signs: For hard bound stool, add ST-37 (shàng  , Upper Great Hollow) , SP-14 ( jié, Abdominal Bind) , and LI-4 ( , Union Valley) . For stomach duct pain, add LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) , ST-34 (liáng qïu, Beam Hill) , and SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) .

when wind prevails, there is stirring

fëng shèng  dòng

From Elementary Questions ( wèn) Wind evil can cause disease characterized by physical movement such as tremor, convulsions, deviated eyes and mouth, squint, arched-back rigidity, and clenched jaw, and apparent movement such as dizziness and wandering pain. See viscus of wind and wood; liver.

when yang abates, yin hides

yáng shä yïn cáng

From Elementary Questions ( wèn) Yin responds to a contraction, recession, or weakening of yang qi by a corresponding tendency to become latent or disappear. See yin and yang are rooted in each other.

when yang arises, yin grows

yáng shëng yïn zhâng

From Elementary Questions ( wèn) Yin qi can only grow when yang qi has its normal power to work engendering transformations. See yin and yang are rooted in each other.

when yang is exuberant, there is external heat

yáng shèng  wài  <

when yang is exuberant> External evils cause yang qi that defends the outer body to become exuberant and put up a fierce fight that manifests in heat~effusion. Elementary Questions ( wèn) states, ``When the upper burner is inhibited, the skin becomes tight, the interstices become blocked, the mysterious mansions i.e., sweat pores become stopped, and defense qi fails to be discharged; hence there is external heat.''

when yang is vacuous, there is external cold

yáng   wài hán <

when yang is vacuous> From Elementary Questions ( wèn) Yang vacuity, i.e., qi vacuity or insufficiency of the life gate fire manifests in cold signs such as bright white facial complexion, aversion to cold, cold limbs, and tendency to catch colds.

when yang network vessels are damaged, blood spills out

yáng luò shäng  xuè wài  <

when yang network vessels are damaged> When the yang network vessels (i.e., those of the upper or outer body) are damaged, there is bleeding. This refers to expectoration of blood, nosebleed, or bleeding gums due to damage to the network vessels by exuberant lung-stomach heat.

when yang prevails, there is heat

yáng shèng  

When yang qi is especially strong, febrile conditions develop.

when yang prevails, yin ails

yáng shèng  yïn bìng

From Elementary Questions ( wèn) Exuberant yang gives rise to illness involving damage to yin humor. See damage to fluids.

when yin is calm and yang is sound

yïn píng yáng 

Health expressed in terms of yin and yang. When yin is undisturbed by hyperactive yang, it is calm. When yang is exuberant, it performs its normal securing function of protecting the body against external evils, and retaining yin essence in the body. Elementary Questions ( wèn) says, ``When yin is calm and yang is sound, essence-spirit is in order.''

when yin is exuberant, there is cold

yïn shèng  hán

when yin prevails, there is cold.

when yin is exuberant, there is internal cold

yáng shèng  nèi hán <

when yin is exuberant> When yin evil is exuberant, the qi transformation of the bowels and viscera is disturbed, there is congealing stagnation in the blood vessels, and cold-type pathoconditions such as water qi, phlegm-rheum, or swelling and distention arise. Elementary Questions ( wèn) states, ``What is yin exuberance engendering internal cold? Reverse qi ascends counterflow. Cold qi accumulates in the chest and fails to drain away, and when it fails to drain away, so warm qi disappears leaving only the cold and the blood congeals causing stoppage in the vessels and making the pulse large exuberant and rough; hence this is center cold.'' See when yin prevails, there is cold.

when yin is vacuous, there is internal heat

yïn   nèi 

From Elementary Questions ( wèn)

Definition:  (Originally) taxation fatigue damaging the spleen, causing spleen vacuity heat~effusion.

Definition:  (Nowadays) depletion of yin humor gives rise to internal heat characterized by tidal heat~effusion, or vexing heat in the five hearts, as well as night sweating, dry mouth, red tongue, and a rapid fine pulse.

when yin prevails, there is cold

yïn shèng  hán

Synonym:  when yin is exuberant,

there is cold .

From Elementary Questions ( wèn) When yin qi prevails, yang qi is debilitated; hence cold signs appear. See when yin is exuberant, there is internal cold.

when yin prevails, yang ails

yïn shèng  yáng bìng

Exuberant yin gives rise to disease involving damage to the yang qi of the body.

white

bái

Definition: 

The color of unsullied snow, or any color approaching or tending toward it. In the five phases, white is associated with metal, an association that may derive from the color of metals such as iron and silver. It possibly derives from the purifying frost of autumn, although winter, the season of snow, is associated through water with the color black. In the body, the white of the eye, or qi wheel, is associated with lung-metal. In the diagnosis of disease, a white (i.e., pale) complexion indicates vacuity or cold, whereas a white tongue, if significant, indicates cold. White vaginal discharge is associated with spleen vacuity or kidney vacuity. The associations of the color white are thus related to those of purity and clearness described in Elementary Questions ( wèn) ``all disease with watery humors that are clear, pure, and cold is ascribed to cold.''

Definition:  The lung. In the term White-Draining Powder (xiè bái sân), ``white'' refers to the lung.

Definition:  white turbidity.

white crust

bái 

Synonym:  snake lice .

A skin disease characterized by red macules, papules or plaque covered in scales. White crust affects the extensor surface of the limbs, especially the elbows, knees, and shins, or the scalp and trunk, often occurring symmetrically. It is attributed to wind-cold invading from outside and the consequent disturbance of construction and defense, or to wind-heat lying depressed in the skin for a long time and transforming into dryness.

Western Medical Concept:  psoriasis* psoriasis.

Medication:  Dispel wind and moisten dryness; clear heat and resolve toxin. Ledebouriella Sage-Inspired Powder (fáng fëng töng shèng sân) can be given as oral medication. Apply Oxhide Lichen Medicinal Paste (níu  xiân yào gäo).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LI, SP, and . Select LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , LI-11 ( chí, Pool at the Bend) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and ; needle with drainage. In addition, the affected areas (ouch points) can be tapped with a cutaneous needle and cupped. They can be needled transversely from several points on the periphery toward the disease focus. Selection of supporting points according affected area: For the head, add LI-20 (yíng xiäng, Welcome Fragrance) , GV-25 ( liáo, White Bone-Hole) , TB-6 (zhï göu, Branch Ditch) , and GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) . For the upper limbs, add GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , and TB-6 (zhï göu, Branch Ditch) . For the lower limbs, add ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) . Selection of points according to signs: For pronounced itching, add and GB-31 (fëng shì, Wind Market) . For blood dryness engendering wind, add BL-17 ( shü, Diaphragm Transport) and BL-19 (dân shü, Gallbladder Transport) . If the condition has been treated for a long time without success, prick the veins behind the ears to let 1--3 drops of blood.

white dry eye

bái  zhèng

Synonym:  white eye .

Dryness of the eyes with blurring of the vision without redness or swelling or other objective signs. White dry eye is attributed to vacuity fire flaming upward that stems either from insufficiency of lung yin or from liver-kidney yin vacuity, or to brewing damp-heat with deep-lying fire in the qi aspect.

Medication:  For insufficiency of lung yin with vacuity fire flaming upward, use Yin-Nourishing Lung-Clearing Decoction (yâng yïn qïng fèi täng). For liver-kidney yin vacuity with vacuity fire flaming upward, use Lycium Berry, Chrysanthemum, and Rehmannia Pill (   huáng wán) plus Angelicae Sinensis Radix (däng guï) and Paeoniae Radix Alba (bái sháo yào). For damp-heat, use variations of Three Kernels Decoction (sän rén täng) combined with Mulberry Root Bark Decoction (säng bái  täng).

white dysentery

chì 

Dysentery characterized by pus in the stool. See dysentery.

white eye

bái yân

white dry eye.

white face

miàn bái

white facial complexion.

white-face sand

bái miàn shä

Erupting measles characterized by a somber white complexion, associated with improper eruption, cold limbs, and purple lips, and attributed to major depletion of center qi and nonmovement of spleen yang. Clinically, it is understood to be related to great sweating, diarrhea, or constitutional weakness.

Medication:  Treat by upraising and boosting qi with variations of Center-Supplementing Qi-Boosting Decoction ( zhöng   täng).

white facial complexion

miàn  bái

Synonym:  white face .

Any pale complexion, generally indicating cold or vacuity. Distinction is made between different forms of white: pale white means general pallor; bright white means pronounced lack of color observed, for example, when blood temporarily leaves the face; somber white is white with a tinge of gray or blue. A bright white complexion with facial vacuity edema generally indicates yang qi vacuity and occurs after massive bleeding, in chronic nephritis, or in wheezing and panting patterns. A pale white lusterless complexion, together with general and facial emaciation, normally points to blood vacuity. The Magic Pivot (líng shü) states, ``Blood desertion is characterized by a white, perished, and sheenless complexion.'' The sudden appearance of a somber white complexion in acute diseases is usually attributable to fulminant yang qi desertion. However, somber white may also be observed in cases of externally contracted wind-cold diseases characterized by aversion to cold, shivering, and severe abdominal pain due to interior cold.

white flesh

bái ròu

Definition: 

The white flesh of the palmar aspect of the hand and arm or plantar aspect of the foot in contradistinction to the red flesh, i.e., the sun-tanned flesh of the dorsal aspect.

Definition:  The outer layer of flesh that is white in color (fat).

white flood

bái bëng

Profuse white vaginal discharge of sudden onset. White flood is attributed to heart-spleen taxation damage from excessive anxiety and thought or to extreme vacuity cold taxation damaging the network vessels of the uterus.

Heart-spleen taxation damage  (láo shäng xïn ) gives rise to white flood with heart palpitations, shortness of breath, insomnia, and low food intake.

Medication:  Nourish the heart and quiet the spirit; fortify the spleen. Use Neutral Supplementing Heart-Settling Elixir (píng  zhèn xïn dän).

Extreme vacuity cold taxation  ( lêng láo ) gives rise to white flood with fatigue and lack of strength, physical cold and fear of cold, and cold in the smaller abdomen.

Medication:  Warm the channels and supplement vacuity. Combine Rhois Galla ( bèi ), Psoraleae Semen (  zhï), Cistanches Caulis (ròu cöng róng), Morindae Radix (  tiän), Foeni-Graeci Semen (  ), Poria ( líng), Mastodi Ossis Fossilia Calcinata (duàn lóng ), and Cinnabaris (zhü shä), and make into pills with rice paste made by boiling rice in wine. Take 10~g at a time with warm wine or brine.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on the GIV, CV, back transport points, and SP. Main points: GB-26 (dài mài, Girdling Vessel) , BL-30 (bái huán shü, White Ring Transport) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) . Selection of points according to pattern: For heart-spleen taxation damage, add BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , needling with supplementation and adding moxa, and adding PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) and PC-4 ( mén, Cleft Gate) for heart palpitations. For extreme vacuity cold taxation add BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , CV-3 (zhöng , Central Pole) , and BL-32 ( liáo, Second Bone-Hole) , needling with supplementation and large amounts of moxa.

white lai

bái lài

A disease characterized by gradually whitening of areas of skin, numbness of the limbs, heat in the joints, lack of strength in the extremities, needling pain, hoarseness of the voice, and unclear vision.

Western Medical Concept:  leprosy*!tuberculoid tuberculoid leprosy. See pestilential wind.

white leak

bái lòu

From A Thousand Gold Pieces Prescriptions (qiän jïn yào fäng) A persistent watery thin white discharge from the vagina.

Medication:  Supplement the spleen and lung with Center-Supplementing Qi-Boosting Decoction ( zhöng   täng) or Ginseng Construction-Nourishing Decoction (rén shën yâng róng täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GIV, CV, back transport points, and SP. Select GB-26 (dài mài, Girdling Vessel) , BL-30 (bái huán shü, White Ring Transport) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) . Needle with supplementation and add moxa.

white membrane invading the eye

bái  qïn jïng

A disease of the eye characterized by the appearance of small gray-white vesicles at the border between the dark and white of the eye that gradually spreads into the dark of the eye. In severe cases, the vesicles join up, and after healing leave a nebulous screen. Other signs include aversion to light, pain, and tearing. The condition often repeatedly returns after clearing. It is caused by exuberant liver-lung heat or effulgent yin vacuity fire.

Western Medical Concept:  keratoconjunctivitis*!phlyctenular phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis.

Medication:  Repletion patterns are treated by draining liver and lung fire with Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng) plus Mori Radicis Cortex (säng bái ), Lycii Radicis Cortex (  ), and Scrophulariae Radix (xuán shën). Effulgent yin vacuity fire patterns are treated by nourishing yin and clearing heat, using Yin-Nourishing Lung-Clearing Decoction (yâng yïn qïng fèi täng) plus Haliotidis Concha (shí jué míng) and Cassiae Torae Semen (jué míng ).

white of the eye

bái jïng

Synonym:  qi wheel .

The sclera and conjunctiva.

white ooze

bái yín

Definition: 

Semen in the urine or persistent vaginal discharge.

Definition:  Seminal efflux (i.e., loss of semen while awake), especially when severe.

Definition:  Severe seminal turbidity.

white patch

bái diàn

white patch wind.

white patch wind

bái diàn fëng

Synonym:  white patch .

White patches on the skin attributed to disharmony of the blood arising when wind evil assails the exterior, causing the interstices to loose their tightness. White patch wind is most common in youth and the prime of life. It is characterized by creamy white macules of varying size, clearly distinguishable from the normal skin coloring. Any hair growing in the patches also turns white. Some of the patches have a brown or pale red papule in the center. The condition is associated with neither pain nor itching. It is of gradual onset, and often persists for a long period.

Western Medical Concept:  vitiligo* vitiligo.

Medication:  Dispel wind and overcome dampness; quicken the blood and rectify qi. Take White Patch Tablet (bái  piàn) orally, and apply Psoralea Tincture (  zhï dïng) topically.

Acupuncture:  The following two methods should be used in tandem. Select as the main points, and tap lightly with a cutaneous needle and pole for 30 minutes once every other day. Select distant points on the affected area: For the face, add LI-4 ( , Union Valley) . For the chest, add PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) and ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) . For the abdomen, add SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) . For the lumbus and back, add BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) . Needle with even supplementation and drainage.

white perverse crop

bái  

See bald white scalp sore; perverse crop.

white scaling wind

bái xiè fëng

Synonym:  head-

wind white scaling .

A scaling skin disease of the neck, which can spread over the face, nose, and ears. White scaling wind, is attributed to wind-heat that after invading the body through the pores, lies depressed for a long time and gives rise to blood dryness that deprives the skin of nourishment. It occurs after puberty, and is more common in males than females. The scales are easily removed by scratching or combing, and develop again. Sometimes some of the scales are yellow and oily, and crustlike. Sometimes there are itchy papules that produce a sticky or bloody fluid when scratched. The condition may be associated with hair loss in the affected areas.

Western Medical Concept:  dermatitis*!seborrheic ichthyosis*!seborrheic seborrheic dermatitis; seborrheic ichthyosis.

Medication:  Dispel wind, moisten dryness, and clear heat. Take Wind-Dispersing Powder (xiäo fëng sân) orally, and rub on Flesh-Moistening Paste (rùn  gäo) or Reversal Powder (diän dâo sân) prepared as a wash with 1.5~g each of finely powdered Rhei Rhizoma Crudum (shëng  huáng) and Sulphur (shí líu huáng) mixed into 100 ml. of limewash.

white tiger joint running

bái   jié

See pain wind; joint-running wind.

white tongue fur

bái täi

The clinical significance of a white tongue fur is fourfold. Clean, moist, thin white fur is normal and healthy, but may also appear at the onset of sickness indicating that the evil has not yet entered the interior and right qi remains undamaged. Glossy white fur indicates cold. If thin, it indicates external wind-cold or interior cold; if thick, it indicates cold-damp or cold-phlegm. Dry white fur indicates transformation of cold evil into heat. An extremely dry thin white fur indicates insufficiency of fluids. A thick dry white fur indicates transformation of dampness into dryness. A mealy white fur with a red tongue body indicates ``dampness trapping hidden heat,'' which is treated by first transforming the dampness to allow the heat to escape rather than with excessive use of cool medicinals. Thick slimy white fur indicates phlegm-damp and is usually accompanied by a slimy sensation in the mouth, oppression in the chest, and torpid intake. White fur occurs in a variety of diseases. A thick white fur is mainly associated with hypertrophy of the corneal layer of the filiform papillae for unknown reasons. A white mold-like coating covering the tongue and the whole of the surface of the oral cavity, sometimes with small patches of mucosal erosion known as erosion speckles, is termed oral putrefaction. A loose, crumblike fur is called a bean curd fur (tofu fur). These signs indicate the development of sweltering damp-heat in patterns of stomach vacuity and damage to yin. This generally occurs in enduring or serious illnesses and indicates complex patterns that are difficult to treat.

white turbidity

bái zhuó

Definition: 

Murky urine that is white in color. See urinary turbidity.

Definition:  Discharge of a murky white substance from the urethra, associated with inhibited urination with clear urine. See essence turbidity.

white vaginal discharge

bái dài

A discharge from the vagina of sticky white matter. White vaginal discharge is normal in some women, and may naturally increase before and after menstruation or during pregnancy. Only copious flow, especially when associated with abdominal pain or lumbar pain is viewed as pathological. White vaginal discharge is attributed to the girdling vessel failing to ensure retention, and insecurity of the controlling vessel resulting from spleen vacuity, liver depression and spleen vacuity, or damp-heat pouring downward.

Spleen vacuity  ( ) When due to spleen vacuity, white vaginal discharge is copious and associated with lassitude of spirit, yellow complexion, cold limbs, and sloppy stool.

Medication:  Fortify the spleen and eliminate dampness. Use Discharge-Ceasing Decoction (wán dài täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, GIV, SP, and ST. Select GB-26 (dài mài, Girdling Vessel) , BL-30 (bái huán shü, White Ring Transport) , BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa.

Liver depression and spleen vacuity:  (gän   ) White vaginal discharge in patients with liver depression is sometime copious and sometimes scant. Other signs include mental problems, dizzy head, oppression in the chest, distention of the breasts.

Medication:  Course the liver and resolve depression. Use Free Wanderer Variant Powder (jiä jiân xiäo yáo sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, GIV, SP, ST, and LR. Needle with supplementation at GB-26 (dài mài, Girdling Vessel) , BL-30 (bái huán shü, White Ring Transport) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , and BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , and drainage at BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) ; and LI-11 ( chí, Pool at the Bend) .

Damp-heat pouring downward:  (gän   ) White vaginal discharge due to damp-heat pouring downward has a fishy malodor. Other signs include pudendal itch, dizzy head, and fatigue.

Medication:  Clear heat and disinhibit dampness. Use Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, GIV, SP, and LR. Select GB-26 (dài mài, Girdling Vessel) , BL-30 (bái huán shü, White Ring Transport) , CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , LI-11 ( chí, Pool at the Bend) , and LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) ; needle with drainage. See spleen vacuity vaginal discharge; kidney vacuity vaginal discharge.

white wandering wind

bái yóu fëng

See wandering wind.

whiteworm disease

bái chóng bìng

One of the nine worm diseases of The Origin and Indicators of Disease (zhü bìng yuán hòu lùn) inch whiteworm.

whitlow

biäo 

tip-abscess.

whooping cough

bâi  

Synonym:  cormorant cough ;

Synonym:  epidemic cough ;

Synonym:  hundred day cough ;

Synonym:  long-bout cough ;

Synonym:  hen cough .

A children's disease readily identifiable by the characteristic whoop of the cough. The whooping sound is similar to the sound made by a hen after laying an egg, hence the alternate name hen cough. Whooping cough is attributed to contraction of a seasonal evil, which causes phlegm turbidity to obstruct the airways and inhibit lung qi. If the cough continues, it can damage the network vessels of the lung and give rise to expectoration of blood.

Western Medical Concept:  pertussis* pertussis.

Medication:  For initial-stage evil invading the lung, treat by transforming phlegm with warm acrid medicinals and by downbearing qi. Use Belamcanda and Ephedra Decoction (shè gän  huáng täng). In the middle stage, where the evil is lodged in the lung, treat by clearing heat and diffusing the lung, using variations of Supplemented Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum, and Licorice Decoction (jiä wèi  xìng shí gän täng) or White-Draining Powder (xiè bái sân). Another formula is Cormorant Drool Pill (  xián wán), containing Phalacrocoracis Saliva (  xián), which is noted for its ability to treat cormorant cough and other types of cough. For enduring conditions causing lung-spleen vacuity, attention should be paid to supplementing the lung and spleen.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, LI, and back transport points. Main points: LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) , and BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) . Selection of points according to stage of progression: For initial-stage evil invading the lung, add GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , and TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , needling with drainage. For evil heat lodged in the lung, add GV-14 ( zhuï, Great Hammer) , GV-12 (shën zhù, Body Pillar) , LU-5 (chî , Cubit Marsh) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , needling with drainage. For spleen-lung vacuity in the late stage, add BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , and BL-43 (gäo huäng shü, Gao-Huang Transport) , needling with supplementation. Selection of points according to signs: For expectoration of blood, add LU-3 (tiän , Celestial Storehouse) and GV-23 (shàng xïng, Upper Star) . For reduced food intake and sloppy stool, add CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , and CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) . For lack of warmth in the extremities, add CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) .

wild-duck bones

  The Golden Mirror of Medicine ( zöng jïn jiàn) states,

``The wild-duck bones are the side ribs of the lower chest.'' Modern sources say that these are the seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth ribs, which form the arch of the ribs.

wilting

wêi

Synonym:  atony ;

Synonym:  wei .

Weakness and limpness of the sinews that in severe cases prevents the lifting of the arms and legs accompanied by the sensation that the elbow, wrist, knee, and ankle are dislocated. In advanced cases, atrophy sets in. In clinical practice, the condition is mainly found to affect the legs, preventing the patient from walking, hence it is also called crippling wilt. Wilting patterns include withering and paralysis of the limbs in neonates and infants after high fever, which Western medicine attributes to poliomyelitis.

Western Medical Concept:  polyneuritis* neuritis*!multiple multiple neuritis* myelitis*!acute acute myelitis* poliomyelitis* myatrophy*!progressive progressive myatrophy* myesthenia gravis* periodic paralysis* paralysis*!periodic myodystrophy* hysterical paralysis* paralysis*!hysterical polyneuritis (multiple neuritis); acute myelitis; poliomyelitis; progressive myatrophy; myesthenia gravis; periodic paralysis; myodystrophy; hysterical paralysis. The pathomechanism of wilting has been explained in different ways over the centuries. Elementary Questions ( wèn) discusses five forms of wilting: skin and body hair wilting, due to lung qi scorching the lobes resulting from loss or unfulfilled hopes; vessel wilting, due to heart qi heat that develops excessive sorrow and grief; sinew wilting, due to liver qi heat resulting from unfulfilled hopes, incontinent desires, and excessive sexual activity; flesh wilting, due to spleen qi heat resulting from being soaked with water, working with water, or living in damp places; bone wilting, due to kidney qi heat resulting from walking long distances and thirst after exposure to great heat. The Inner Canon (nèi jïng) also suggests that, at the time, the yang brightness was important in the treatment of wilting patterns, and that it was therefore important in the etiology. Elementary Questions ( wèn) explains this importance in the following way: ``Yang brightness is the sea of the five viscera and six bowels, and governs the moistening of the ancestral sinews (see ancestral sinew), which leash the bones and allow the hinges (i.e., the major joints) to move uninhibitedly. The thoroughfare vessel is the sea of the channel vessels; it governs irrigation of the ravines and valleys, and unites with the yang brightness at the ancestral sinews The yin and yang (the thoroughfare vessel and yang brightness) converge at the ancestral sinews They home to the girdling vessel and net the governing vessel. Thus, when yang brightness is vacuous, the ancestral sinews are slack and the girdling fails to conduct; hence the legs become wilted and useless.'' Over the centuries, wilting has generally been considered more commonly to be due to internal damage than to external evils, more commonly due to cold than heat, and more commonly to vacuity rather than to repletion. Nowadays, the view prevails that it is due to lung heat scorching the lobes, which spreads to the other viscera. When the heat affects the yang brightness (stomach) channel's ability to ``moisten the ancestral sinew,'' the sinews are scorched by the heat and become wilted. Liver-kidney depletion also plays a role. When the kidney is depleted, the bones become desiccated and the marrow is reduced. When the kidney fails to nourish the liver, the sinews are deprived of nourishment. Liver-kidney depletion is considered to be sufficient in itself, without lung-stomach heat, to cause wilting. Wilting patterns, according to modern texts, primarily include lung heat with damage to liquid, soddening by damp-heat, spleen-stomach vacuity, and liver-kidney depletion. See also the entries listed below.

Lung heat with damage to liquid  (fèi  shäng jïn) during or after illness gives rise to sudden limpness of the limbs. It manifests as heat~effusion, heart vexation, thirst, cough and dry pharynx, yellow or reddish urine, dry bound stool, a red tongue with yellow fur, and a fine rapid pulse. This is explained by warm heat invading the lung, which damages liquid. When liquid is insufficient, it cannot be distributed to all parts of the body, so that the sinews are deprived of nourishment.

Medication:  Clear heat and moisten dryness; nourish the lung and engender liquid. Use Dryness-Clearing Lung-Rescuing Decoction (qïng zào jìu fèi täng). If poor appetite and dry mouth and pharynx are pronounced, this indicates damage to lung-stomach yin, which can be treated with Stomach-Boosting Decoction ( wèi täng).

Soddening by damp-heat  (shï  jìn yín) (i.e., saturation of the flesh by damp-heat) causes wilting characterized by heavy cumbersome limbs that are limp and lack strength, and that may be slightly swollen or numb. The lower limbs are most commonly affected. This is associated with a liking for coolness and fear of heat, in some cases with heat~effusion. Other signs include glomus and oppression in the chest, inhibited voidings of reddish urine with stinging pain, a slimy yellow tongue fur, and a soggy rapid pulse. The heavy cumbersome and possibly slightly swollen limbs are explained by damp-heat soddening the flesh. The limp wilting limbs and numbness are explained by damp-heat soddening the vessels obstructing qi and blood.

Medication:  Clear heat and disinhibit dampness. Use variations of Mysterious Two Powder (èr miào sân). For pronounced heaviness and swelling, and white slimy tongue fur, add Magnoliae Cortex (hòu ), Poria ( líng), and Alismatis Rhizoma ( xiè). If damp-heat damages yin, causing emaciation, heat sensation in the lower limbs, heart vexation, a rapid fine pulse, and a tongue that is red at the tip or peeled clean of fur, remove Atractylodis Rhizoma (cäng zhú) and add Adenophorae seu Glehniae Radix (shä shën), Ophiopogonis Tuber (mài mén döng), Rehmanniae Radix Exsiccata seu Recens (shëng  huáng), and Trichosanthis Radix (tiän huä fên) to clear heat and engender liquid. For pronounced signs of static blood obstruction such as numbness and inhibited movement of the joints with purple tongue and choppy pulse, add Persicae Semen (táo rén), Carthami Flos (hóng huä), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (chì sháo yào), and Cinnamomi Ramulus (guì zhï).

Spleen-stomach vacuity  ( wèi  ruò) gives rise to gradually worsening limpness and wilting of the limbs with reduced eating, sloppy stool, puffy face, lassitude of spirit and lack of strength, lusterless complexion, a thin white tongue fur, and a fine pulse.

Medication:  Fortify the spleen and boost qi. Use Ginseng, Poria (Hoelen), and Ovate Atractylodes Powder (shën líng bái zhú sân). For fear of cold and cold limbs, add Aconiti Tuber Laterale ( ) and Zingiberis Rhizoma Exsiccatum (gän jiäng) to warm spleen yang. For dual vacuity of qi and blood due to enduring illness, add Astragali (seu Hedysari) Radix (huáng ) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (däng guï).

Liver-kidney depletion  (gän shèn kuï ) causes limp wilting lower limbs with limp aching lumbus. This condition develops slowly and is accompanied by dizziness, tinnitus, seminal emission, and in some cases enuresis and menstrual irregularities. The tongue is red with little fur, and the pulse is fine and rapid. Liver-kidney depletion causes insufficiency of essence blood which deprives the sinews of nourishment.

Medication:  Supplement the liver and kidney; enrich yin and clear heat. Use Hidden Tiger Pill ( qián wán). For pronounced heat, remove Cynomorii Caulis (suô yáng). For withered-yellow facial complexion, heart palpitations or fearful throbbing, pale red tongue, and a weak fine pulse, add Codonopsitis Radix (dâng shën), Astragali (seu Hedysari) Radix (huáng ), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (däng guï), and Millettiae Radix et Caulis ( xuè téng). For detriment to yin affecting yang in enduring illness, characterized by fear of cold, impotence, long voidings of clear urine, pale tongue with and a forceless fine sunken pulse, remove Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (zhï ) and Phellodendri Cortex (huáng bâi), and add Cervi Cornu in Frustis ( jiâo xiè), Psoraleae Semen (  zhï), Epimedii Herba (yín yáng huò), Morindae Radix (  tiän), Aconiti Tuber Laterale ( ), and Cinnamomi Cortex (ròu guì).

Acupuncture:  Acupuncture and manipulation provide effective complements to treatment. Acupuncture treatment is based mainly on hand and foot yang brightness LI-ST, to free channel qi and nourish the sinew and bone. The main points are: LI-10 (shôu sän , Arm Three Li) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , BL-20 ( shü, Spleen Transport) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) . On the upper limbs, add LI-15 (jiän , Shoulder Bone) , LI-11 ( chí, Pool at the Bend) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , LI-5 (yáng , Yang Ravine) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , and SI-3 (hòu , Back Ravine) . On the lower limbs, add GB-30 (huán tiào, Jumping Round) , ST-31 ( guän, Thigh Joint) , ST-34 (liáng qïu, Beam Hill) , GB-39 (xuán zhöng, Suspended Bell) , and ST-41 (jiê , Ravine Divide) . For variations according to pattern, see the entries listed below. See child wilting pattern. eterm??tui-na>manipulation/massage}

Wilting wei3

wilting-impediment

wêi 

A general term denoting wilting and impediment .

wilting pattern

wêi zhèng

wilting.

wind

fëng

Definition: 

One of the six qi; any natural movement of air. See aversion to wind; tearing on exposure to wind.

Definition: 

Synonym:  wind evil .

One of the six excesses; wind as a cause of disease, a yang evil. The nature of wind as an evil and its clinical manifestations are similar to those of the meteorological phenomenon from which it derives its name: it comes and goes quickly, moves swiftly, blows intermittently, and sways the branches of the trees. ``Wind is swift and changeable,'' and its clinical manifestations as an evil have the following characteristics: Rapid onset and swift changes in condition. Convulsions, tremor, shaking of the head, dizziness, and wandering pain and itching. Invasion of the upper part of the body and the exterior, e.g., the head (the uppermost part of the body), the lung (the uppermost of the major organs), and the skin and body hair. Facial paralysis and hemiplegia. Note that although wind is associated with movement, by causing stiffness and clenched jaw, it can also be seen to have the power to check normal movement, as in facial paralysis.

Definition:  Internal wind, i.e., wind arising within the body by the following pathomechanisms: liver wind stirring internally, which occurs when liver yang and liver fire transform into wind, manifesting in dizziness, tremor, and convulsions; extreme heat engendering wind, arising in externally contracted diseases such as fright wind and manifesting in convulsions, stiffness of the neck, arched-back rigidity, etc.; blood vacuity engendering wind, arising when great sweating, great vomiting, great diarrhea, major loss of blood, damage to yin in enduring illness, or kidney-water failing to moisten liver-wood causes desiccation of the blood that deprives the sinews of nourishment and insufficiency of liver yin that leaves yang unsubdued and allows liver wind to scurry around internally. Vacuity wind stirring within is marked by dizziness, tremor, worm-like movement in the extremities, or clouding collapse. See also viscus of wind and wood; liver; fright wind.

Definition:  Any of various diseases ascribed to wind or bearing attributes of wind; occurs in disease names such as lip wind, white patch wind, goose-foot wind, head wind, thunder head wind, crane's-knee wind, joint-running wind, great numbing wind, scrotal wind, childbed wind, wandering wind, nipple wind, lost heart wind, green wind internal obstruction, and yellow wind internal obstruction.

wind and dampness contending with each other

fëng shï xiäng  <

wind and dampness> Interaction between wind and dampness evils after they have entered the body. Wind is a yang evil and mobile and penetrating; dampness is a yin evil, and tends to stagnate and impede the movement of qi and blood. When the two combine, they cause generalized pain in the joints and flesh. On Cold Damage (shäng hán lùn) states, ``When wind and dampness contend with each other, the joints are affected by vexing and pulling pain that prevents bending and stretching and is exacerbated by touching. There is sweating, shortness of breath, inhibited urination, aversion to wind with disinclination to remove clothing, and in some cases mild generalized swelling. It is treated with Licorice and Aconite Decoction (gän câo   täng).''

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GB, GV, TB, and LI. Select GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , LI-11 ( chí, Pool at the Bend) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , as the main points. Needle with drainage.

wind and fire fanning each other

fëng huô xiäng shän <

wind and fire> Exuberant evil heat in febrile disease scorching the liver channel and causing internal stirring of liver wind characterized by clouded spirit and fright reversal.

wind bar

fëng guän

One of the three bars of the finger. See infant's finger examination.

wind can overcome dampness

fëng néng shèng shï

From Elementary Questions ( wèn) ``wind overcomes dampness.'' In the natural environment, wind can dispel dampness; when the wind blows, things dry. In Chinese medicine, this analogy is used to explain the ability of wind-dispelling medicinals to treat dampness. Although in this context, wind refers to wind-dispelling medicinals (medicinals opposed to wind), rather than wind itself, it is observed that many wind medicinals are dry. Medicinals such as Ledebouriellae Radix (fáng fëng), Notopterygii Rhizoma (qiäng huó), Angelicae Duhuo Radix ( huó), Ligustici Rhizoma (chuän xiöng), Ligustici Sinensis Rhizoma et Radix (gâo bên), and Viticis Fructus (màn jïng ) are commonly used to overcome dampness. The ability of wind medicinals to overcome dampness is reflected in formula names such as Notopterygium Dampness-Overcoming Decoction (qiäng huó shèng shï täng) and Bupleurum Dampness-Overcoming Decoction (chái  shèng shï täng).

wind choke

fëng 

A condition occurring after sudden clouding with inability to recognize people, stiff tongue preventing speaking, and blockage of the throat sometimes attended by a characteristic ``ee ee'' sound. It falls within the scope of visceral stroke in wind stroke.

wind-cold

fëng hán

Wind and cold disease evils combined, manifesting pronounced aversion to cold with mild heat~effusion, and such signs as headache, generalized pain, absence of sweating, nasal congestion and runny nose, cough, clear thin phlegm, absence of thirst. The tongue fur is glossy and white, and the pulse is floating and tight. Wind-cold is characterized by the presence of wind signs and pronounced cold signs, and therefore presents as an exterior cold pattern. *

wind-cold common cold

fëng hán gân mào

Common cold due to contraction of wind-cold. The main signs are heat~effusion, aversion to cold, headache, absence of sweating, nasal congestion, heavy voice, sneezing, itchy throat, cough, absence of thirst, a thin white tongue fur, and a tight floating pulse.

Medication:  Warm acrid exterior resolution. Use formulas such as Scallion and Fermented Soybean Decoction (cöng chî täng) or Schizonepeta and Ledebouriella Toxin-Vanquishing Powder (jïng fáng bài  sân). For pronounced exterior cold, add Ephedrae Herba ( huáng) and Cinnamomi Ramulus (guì zhï). For headache and aching joints, add Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (bái zhî). For nasal congestion and heavy voice, add Magnoliae Flos1 (xïn ), Xanthii Fructus (cäng êr ), Asiasari Herba cum Radice ( xïn), and Chebulae Fructus ( ).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LI, LU, and BL. Main points: LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) , and GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) . For heat~effusion, add GV-14 ( zhuï, Great Hammer) . For headache, add GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , , and SI-3 (hòu , Back Ravine) . For absence of sweating, add KI-7 ( lïu, Recover Flow) . For nasal congestion and runny nose, add LI-20 (yíng xiäng, Welcome Fragrance) and . For cough, add BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , and BL-11 ( zhù, Great Shuttle) . Needle all points with drainage and add moxa. For back pain and generalized pain, cup BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) , and BL-11 ( zhù, Great Shuttle) . Alternatively, use push-cupping, from GV-14 ( zhuï, Great Hammer) down to the lumbus and back, finally to leave the cup in place at BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) for 10--20 minutes. See wind-cold fettering the lung.

wind-cold cough

fëng hán  sòu attributed to wind-

cold invading the lung, causing nondiffusion of lung qi. Wind-cold cough is associated with thin phlegm, nasal congestion and runny nose, heavy voice, headache, joint pain, heat~effusion and aversion to cold without sweating, white tongue fur, and a floating pulse.

Medication:  Course wind and dissipate cold; diffuse lung qi. Use Inula Powder (jïn fèi câo sân) or Apricot Kernel and Perilla Powder (xìng  sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU and LI. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) , CV-22 (tiän , Celestial Chimney) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) ; needle with drainage and, if appropriate, add moxa. Apply moxibustion or fire cupping at BL-11 ( zhù, Great Shuttle) .

wind-cold-damp

fëng hán shï

A combination of wind, cold, and dampness evils. Elementary Questions ( wèn) states, ``When the wind, cold, and damp evils concur and combine, they give rise to impediment .'' See impediment.

wind-cold-damp impediment

fëng hán shï 

impediment.

wind-cold deafness

fëng hán êr lóng attributed to wind-

cold fettering the exterior, congealing in the channels, and blocking the ear orifices. Wind-cold deafness is associated with headache, aversion to cold, heat~effusion, absence of sweating, nasal congestion, and tinnitus.

Medication:  Dispel cold with warm acrid medicinals; open the orifices and effuse sweat. Formulas such as Nine-Ingredient Notopterygium Decoction (jîu wèi qiäng huó täng) may be used.

Acupuncture:  See deafness.

wind-cold dizziness

fëng hán xuàn yün attributed to contraction of wind-

cold. Distinction is made between wind evil dizziness and cold evil dizziness.

Wind evil dizziness  (fëng xié xuàn yün) is dizziness associated with headache and frontal pain, vexing joint pain, generalized heat~effusion, copious sweating, qi ascent panting, vexation and agitation, and periodic dizzy spells.

Medication:  Dispel wind using formulas such as Notopterygium and Ledebouriella Decoction (qiäng huó fáng fëng täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, GB, and LI. Select GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , GV-16 (fëng , Wind Mansion) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , GB-15 (tóu lín , (Head) Overlooking Tears) , TB-23 ( zhú köng, Silk Bamboo Hole) , and LI-4 ( , Union Valley) ; needle with drainage.

Cold evil dizziness  (hán xié xuàn yün) is periodic dizziness accompanied by generalized heat~effusion without sweating, aversion to cold, hypertonicity, headache, generalized pain.

Medication:  Dispel cold using formulas such as Notopterygium Toxin-Vanquishing Decoction (qiäng huó bài  täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, LU, and LI. Select GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , and LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) ; needle with drainage and add moxa.

wind-cold fettering the exterior

fëng hán wài shù causing an exterior pattern.

The main signs are headache, generalized pain, and aversion to wind. Other signs include absence of sweating, absence of thirst, cough with expectoration of clear thin phlegm, glossy white tongue fur, and a tight floating pulse. This pattern is one form a common cold can take.

Medication:  Resolve the exterior with warmth and acridity; dissipate wind-cold; diffuse lung qi. Use Ephedra Decoction ( huáng täng) and its variations for cough, rapid breathing, and absence of sweating, and Tea-Blended Ligusticum (Cnidium Root) Powder (chuän xiöng chá tiáo sân) for especially severe headache.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GB, LU, and LI. Select GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , and TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) ; needle with drainage and add moxa. Selection of points according to signs: For headache, add GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) and . For generalized pain, add BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) and BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) , and cup BL-11 ( zhù, Great Shuttle) ; alternatively, apply push-cupping from GV-14 ( zhuï, Great Hammer) to the lumbus, and run back to BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , keeping the cup there for 20 minutes. For absence of sweating, add KI-7 ( lïu, Recover Flow) and BL-11 ( zhù, Great Shuttle) . See also wind-cold fettering the lung.

wind-cold fettering the exterior panting

fëng hán wài shù chuân

See wind-cold rapid panting.

wind-cold fettering the lung

fëng hán shù fèi

Wind-cold invading the lung and causing nondiffusion of lung qi. The main signs are cough and aversion to cold. Other signs include nasal congestion and runny nose with clear snivel, itchy throat, and thin white phlegm. In some cases there may also be aversion to cold and slight heat~effusion without sweating. The tongue fur is thin and white. The pulse is tight and floating.

Medication:  Effuse and dissipate wind-cold; diffuse the lung and suppress cough. Use Cough-Stopping Powder (zhî sòu sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GB, LU, and LI. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , and TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) . Needle with drainage.

Analysis:  Externally contracted wind-cold affects the skin and body hair and then the lung. It causes nondiffusion of lung qi, which manifests as cough. The nose is the orifice of the lung and the throat is its gate, and when wind-cold impairs the lung's diffusion and depuration, there is nasal congestion with runny nose and clear snivel, and an itchy throat. When the evil settles in the lung-defense, defensive yang is obstructed, hence there is aversion to cold, and because of right qi's attempt to resist the evil, the ensuing fight between right and evil produces a slight heat~effusion. The thin white tongue fur is a sign of evil invading the skin and body hair. The floating pulse is associated with the exterior, and a tight pulse is associated with cold. Hence a tight floating pulse indicates a wind-cold exterior pattern.

Comparison:  Wind-heat invading the lung: Wind-cold fettering the lung and wind-heat invading the lung are both external contractions. Wind-cold is characterized by pronounced aversion to cold and mild heat~effusion, a thin white tongue fur, tight floating pulse, runny noise with clear snivel, and cough with thin clear white phlegm. Wind-heat is characterized by pronounced heat~effusion with mild aversion to cold and wind, cough with thick yellow phlegm, nasal congestion with turbid yellow snivel, dry mouth, sore throat, a red-tipped tongue, white or yellow tongue fur, and a rapid floating pulse. Wind-cold fettering the exterior: Wind-cold fettering the lung and wind-cold fettering the exterior both involve wind-cold affecting the skin and body hair and the interstices. They differ by emphasis. Wind-cold fettering the exterior has cough as the main sign attended by exterior signs. Wind-cold fettering the exterior is marked principally by exterior signs, and has cough as a possible secondary sign.

wind-cold headache

fëng hán tóu tòng caused by wind-

cold assailing from outside. Wind-cold headache is characterized by pain that may stretch to the nape and back, aversion to cold, pain in the joints, nasal congestion and runny nose, a thin white tongue fur, and a tight floating pulse.

Medication:  Course with and dissipate cold with Tea-Blended Ligusticum (Cnidium Root) Powder (chuän xiöng chá tiáo sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on points of the three yang channels, GV and LU. Select GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , and SI-3 (hòu , Back Ravine) . Needle with even supplementation and drainage and, if appropriate, add moxa. For selection of points according to affected area, see headache.

wind-cold panting

fëng hán chuân attributed to wind-

cold fettering the exterior. See wind-cold rapid panting.

wind-cold rapid panting

fëng hán chuân 

Synonym:  wind-

cold panting .

attributed to externally contracted wind-cold lying depressed in the lung.

Medication:  If there is heat~effusion and absence of swelling use Florid Canopy Powder (huá gài sân) to make the patient sweat. If there are also signs of lung vacuity, use Pulse-Engendering Powder (shëng mài sân) plus Ephedrae Herba ( huáng), Armeniacae Semen (xìng rén), Pinelliae Tuber (bàn xià), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (shëng jiäng), and Lithospermi, Macrotomiae, seu Onosmatis Radix ( câo) to ``supplement and dissipate.''

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, LI, and CV. Select BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) , BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LU-5 (chî , Cubit Marsh) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , and CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) ; needle with drainage and add moxa. For lung vacuity with wind-cold, add BL-43 (gäo huäng shü, Gao-Huang Transport) and CV-6 ( hâi, Sea of Qi) , needling these two points with supplementation; if qi vacuity is pronounced, apply moxa.

wind-cold rib-side pain

fëng hán xié tòng attributed to wind-

cold evils lodged under the rib-side, and accompanied by heat~effusion and aversion to cold, bitter taste in the mouth, dry retching, and a stringlike pulse.

Medication:  Treat by coursing and harmonizing with variations of Minor Bupleurum Decoction (xiâo chái  täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, LI, LR, and GB. Select GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , LR-14 ( mén, Cycle Gate) , TB-6 (zhï göu, Branch Ditch) , and GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) ; needle with drainage and add moxa. See rib-side pain.

wind-cold toothache

fëng hán  tòng attributable to externally contracted wind-

cold. See toothache.

wind constipation

fëng 

Dry bound stool and difficult defecation arising when wind contends with the lung and is transmitted to the large intestine, where it causes or exacerbates dryness of the fluids. Wind constipation is observed most commonly among the weak and elderly, and those predisposed to wind disease.

Medication:  Course wind, harmonize the blood, and moisten the intestines. Use formulas such as Hemp Seed Pill ( rén wán) or Intestine-Moistening Pill (rùn cháng wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on alarm, back transport, and lower uniting points of LI, and on LU. Select BL-25 ( cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-37 (shàng  , Upper Great Hollow) , BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) , GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) , and LI-4 ( , Union Valley) ; needle with drainage.

wind convulsions

fëng chù

Definition: 

Shaking of the extremities attributable to exuberant heat and effulgent liver with stirring wind and phlegm congestion. The tremor prevents the holding of objects and impedes normal walking, and is attended by open eyes and mouth that continuously twitch, night heat~effusion, generalized dryness and itching, and in some cases dizzy vision or arched-back rigidity.

Medication:  Calm the liver and extinguish wind. Use Antelope Horn and Uncaria Decoction (líng jiâo göu téng täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, LR, and GB. Select GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , GV-16 (fëng , Wind Mansion) , GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , GV-14 ( zhuï, Great Hammer) , LI-11 ( chí, Pool at the Bend) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) ; needle with drainage. Selection of points according to signs: For generalized dryness and itching, add SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) . For dizzy vision, add HT-5 (töng , Connecting Li) and ST-41 (jiê , Ravine Divide) . For arched-back rigidity, add GV-12 (shën zhù, Body Pillar) and SI-3 (hòu , Back Ravine) .

Definition:  umbilical wind.

wind cough

fëng sòu

wind damage cough.

wind damage

shäng fëng

Definition: 

From Incisive Light on the Source of Miscellaneous Disease ( bìng yuán líu  zhú) Common cold.

Definition:  From On Cold Damage (shäng hán lùn) Greater yang wind stroke. See wind stroke.

wind damage cough

shäng fëng  sòu

Synonym:  wind cough .

due to wind evil damaging the lung. Wind damage cough is accompanied by aversion to cold and spontaneous sweating or aversion to cold and heat~effusion, nasal congestion and runny nose, heavy voice, itchy throat, and a floating pulse.

Medication:  Course wind, diffuse the lung, transform phlegm, and relieve cough. Use formulas such as Cough-Stopping Powder (zhî sòu sân), Rough and Ready Three Decoction (sän ào täng) and Inula Powder (jïn fèi câo sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, LI, and GB. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) , CV-22 (tiän , Celestial Chimney) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) ; needle with drainage and moxa.

wind-damp

fëng shï

Definition: 

Disease attributed to wind and dampness and characterized by pain in the joints; it falls within the category of impediment.

Western Medical Concept:  rheumatism* rheumatism.

Definition:  Wind and dampness evil in combination.

wind-damp headache

fëng shï tóu tòng due to wind evil assailing from outside and damp turbidity clouding the upper body.

Wind-damp headache is characterized by headache with heavy head as if swathed (bag-over-the-head sensation), heavy cumbersome limbs, oppression in the chest and abdominal distention, nausea and torpid intake, dry mouth with little fluid intake, slimy tongue fur, and a soggy or floating moderate pulse.

Medication:  Dispel wind and transform dampness using formulas such as Notopterygium Dampness-Overcoming Decoction (qiäng huó shèng shï täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on points of the three yang channels, GV, and ST. Select GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , GV-16 (fëng , Wind Mansion) , GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , , LI-4 ( , Union Valley) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , SI-3 (hòu , Back Ravine) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , and ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) ; needle with drainage. For selection of points according to affected area, see headache.

wind-damp impediment

fëng shï 

From The Origin and Indicators of Disease (zhü bìng yuán hòu lùn) which states, ``When wind, cold, and damp evils concur and combine, they give rise to impediment. Impediment with more wind and damp qi than cold qi is wind-damp impediment.'' It is characterized by thickening of the skin, aching muscular pain. If it persists for a long time, voluntary physical movement may be affected.

Medication:  Dispel wind and dampness. Use Erythrina Decoction (hâi tóng  täng) or Notopterygium Dampness-Overcoming Decoction (qiäng huó shèng shï täng).

Acupuncture:  The main points for dispelling wind and dampness are GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , GV-16 (fëng , Wind Mansion) , BL-17 ( shü, Diaphragm Transport) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , ST-36 ( sän , Leg Three Li) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and SP-5 (shäng qïu, Shang Hill) ; needle with drainage and add moxa. Warm needling or cutaneous needling may also be used. Points should also be selected according to affected area (see impediment). See wind impediment; damp impediment.

wind-damp lumbar pain

fëng shï yäo tòng that arises when,

after lying in damp places and contracting wind, the evils stagnate in the channel. The contraction of wind and dampness is often encouraged by kidney vacuity. Wind-damp lumbar pain is characterized by hypertonicity of lumbus and back inhibiting movement, and a floating rough pulse. In some cases there may be heat~effusion and aversion to wind, or swelling.

Medication:  Dispel wind and transform dampness with formulas such as Notopterygium Toxin-Vanquishing Decoction (qiäng huó bài  täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on BL, GV, SP, and GB. Select BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) , GV-3 (yäo yáng guän, Lumbar Yang Pass) , , GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , LI-11 (