X

xià

The name of a dynastic period (approx. 21st cent. --16th cent. ). 0.4mm 1.1cm

Section Y

yáng wéi mài

Abbreviation for the yang linking vessel.

yáng

Definition: 

The bright, male, active principle that stands in complementary opposition to yin. See yin and yang.

Definition:  The penis, as in terms such as ``yang wilt'' ( yang2 wei3) and ``yang matter failing to rise,'' ( yang2 shi4 bu4 ju3), which both denote impotence.

yáng jié

See heat bind.

yáng míng

The hand yang brightness large intestine and foot yang brightness stomach channels. The yang brightness is the last stage in the development of yang qi. It is the innermost of the three yang channels, hence it is said that ``yang brightness is the closedness.'' Yang brightness has copious qi and copious blood.

yáng míng xù xuè

A disease pattern in which yang brightness evil heat binds with pre-existing static blood. Signs include forgetfulness and hard black stool that is easily passed. On Cold Damage (shäng hán lùn) states, ``In yang brightness patterns, when the patient has forgetfulness, there must be blood amassment, the reason for this being the presence of enduring static blood; hence there is forgetfulness and stool that, though hard, is nevertheless easily passed, and that must be black. This is treated with Dead-On Decoction (dî dàng täng).''

yáng míng fû zhèng

A disease pattern arising when in externally contracted febrile disease, evil enters the yang brightness channel, causing tidal heat~effusion, delirious speech, a hard, full, distended abdomen with pain that refuses pressure, constipation, burnt yellow or old yellow tongue fur, and a strong, sunken, replete pulse. This is often referred to as heat binding in the stomach and intestines or heat bind.

Medication:  Treat by draining precipitation using cold bitter precipitants to flush the gastrointestinal heat accumulation. The principal formula is Major Qi-Coordinating Decoction (dà chéng qì täng). See yang brightness disease.

yáng míng jïng

See yang brightness.

yáng míng jïng zhèng

A disease arising when externally contracted evil enters the yang brightness channel, causing great heat~effusion, great sweating, pronounced agitation, and a large, surging pulse. The four signs are collectively known as the four greatnesses.

Medication:  Clear heat and drain fire to safeguard liquid. Use White Tiger Decoction (bái hû täng) as the basic formula, adding Ginseng Radix (rén shën) to boost qi and engender liquid in cases of damage to both qi and yin. See yang brightness disease.

yáng míng bìng

A disease arising when externally contracted evil enters the yang brightness channel and exterior signs such as aversion to wind and cold give way to pronounced heat signs. Yang brightness disease is characterized by generalized heat~effusion, sweating and aversion to heat, agitation, and thirst, or, in more severe cases, abdominal fullness and pain, constipation, and, in severe cases, delirious mania. The tongue fur is usually dry and old yellow in color. The pulse is generally surging and large, slippery and rapid, or sunken, replete, and forceful. Yang brightness disease occurs in the exuberant heat~effusion stage of externally contracted heat (febrile) diseases, and manifests, in terms of the eight principles, as interior heat or interior repletion. Yang brightness disease is divided into channel and bowel patterns depending on the presence of constipation. In yang brightness channel patterns, the stomach liquid is damaged by exuberant heat, although there is no heat bind in the yang brightness bowels (the stomach and large intestine). Yang brightness bowel patterns are so named because they arise when an evil binds with food accumulation or dry waste in the stomach or intestines, causing repletion heat. See yang brightness bowel pattern; yang brightness channel pattern.

yáng míng tóu tòng

Definition:  occurring in yang brightness disease in cold damage,

which is accompanied by generalized heat~effusion with aversion not to cold but to heat.

Medication:  Use White Tiger Decoction (bái hû täng) plus Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (bái zhî), or formulas containing Cimicifugae Rhizoma (shëng má), Puerariae Radix (gé gën), Gypsum (shí gäo), and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (bái zhî).

Acupuncture:  Select LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) and ST-42 (chöng yáng, Surging Yang) ; needle with drainage.

Definition:  on the pathway of the yang brightness channel, i.e., on the forehead and sometimes stretching into the eyeballs.

Medication:  Treat with formulas containing Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (bái zhî) and Cimicifugae Rhizoma (shëng má) as conductors.

Acupuncture:  Select , ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) .

yáng jïng

Synonym:  yang vessel .

Any yang channel or vessel including the three yang channels of the hands and feet, i.e., greater yang , lesser yang , yang brightness , and the governing vessel, yang linking , and yang springing vessels.

wáng yáng

Synonym:  yang desertion .

A disease pattern of critical debilitation of yang qi marked by sweating and cold skin and reversal cold of the limbs. The patient is apathetic or (rarely) agitated, and, in severe cases, his spirit is clouded. Either there is no thirst or there is a desire for warm fluids. The pulse is either hidden, sunken, fine and faint, or agitated and racing. The tongue is pale.

Medication:  Use large doses of Ginseng and Aconite Decoction (shën fù täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and GV. Select GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) , GV-25 (sù liáo, White Bone-Hole) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) and KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) ; needle with supplementation or direct moxa. Apply moxa on salt or ginger at CV-8 (shén què, Spirit Gate Tower) .

wáng yáng xü tuö

See yang collapse.

yáng tuó

yang collapse.

yáng bìng

Definition: 

triple-yang disease.

Definition:  Any disease manifesting in a repletion pattern or heat pattern.

yáng bìng zhì yïn

Definition: 

The principle of treating damage to yin by exuberant yang heat. ``When yang prevails, yin ails,'' and so that exuberant yang heat causes damage to yin fluids. Such patterns are treated by engendering liquid with cold sweet agents.

Definition:  Treating disease patterns associated with a yang channel by needling points on a yin channel. For example, foot yang brightness yang2 ming2 channel vomiting and retching can be treated by needing PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) . See principle of treatment.

yáng xián forming a yang pattern;

usually attributed to phlegm heat settling in the heart and stomach, and characterized by convulsions, shrieking, generalized heat~effusion, floating pulse, upward staring eyes, worrying tongue, and shaking head.

Medication:  It is treated mainly with cold medicinals.

Acupuncture:  Use the general points given for fits under epilepsy, and further needle GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , and ST-45 (lì duì, Severe Mouth) . Prick to bleed.

yáng xié

Definition: 

Any evil that is yang in nature, e.g., wind, summerheat, dryness, and fire. These evils have yang qualities like mobility (wind), heat (summerheat and fire), and absence of fluid (dryness).

Definition:  An evil invading any yang channel.

yáng rè

Heat seen as a yang phenomenon.

yáng shëng yú yïn

Yin is a prerequisite for the existence of yang, according to the principle of interdependence of yin and yang. In the human body, the production of yang qi, for example, is dependent on yin essence, blood, and fluids. See yin and yang are rooted in each other.

yáng huáng attributable to contraction of external evils,

damp-heat invading the liver and gallbladder, and resultant gallbladder heat causing bile to percolate through to the skin. Yang jaundice is a vivid yellow described as being like the color of tangerines; it is accompanied by heat~effusion, thirst, urine the color of strong tea, constipation, abdominal distention, rib-side pain, slimy yellow tongue fur, and a rapid stringlike pulse.

Western Medical Concept:  biliary tract diseases*!obstructive hepatitis*!acute infectious acute infectious hepatitis* acute infectious hepatitis; obstructive biliary tract diseases.

Medication:  Clear and disinhibit liver-gallbladder damp-heat with formulas such as Capillaris Decoction (yïn chén häo täng), Gardenia and Phellodendron Decoction (zhï zî bâi pí täng), Ephedra, Forsythia, and Rice Bean Decoction (má huáng lián qiào chì xiâo dòu täng), and Major Bupleurum Decoction (dà chái hú täng), and with specific medicinals such as Jinqiancao Herba (jïn qián câo), Sedi Sarmentosi Herba (shí zhî jiâ) (also called shi2 zhi3 jia3), Scutellariae Barbatae Herba (bàn zhï lián), Schisandrae Fructus (wû wèi zî), Isatidis Radix (bân lán gën), and Hyperici Japonici Herba (dì êr câo) (also called tian2 ji1 huang2).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GB and SP. Select BL-19 (dân shü, Gallbladder Transport) , GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , and GV-9 (zhì yáng, Extremity of Yang) ; needle with drainage. Selection of points according to signs: If heat is predominant, add GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) . If dampness is predominant, add SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) . For constipation, add TB-6 (zhï göu, Branch Ditch) . See also damp-heat jaundice.

yáng wéi mài

One of the eight extraordinary vessels. YAL.

yáng bän

Synonym:  yang-

pattern macules .

occurring in repletion heat patterns due to externally contracted heat (febrile) disease. See maculopapular eruption.

yáng luò

Definition: 

Network vessels in the surface of the body or ascending toward the upper body.

Definition:  Network vessels branching from the three yang channels of the hand and foot.

Definition:  The network vessels of the foot yang brightness stomach channel.

yáng zhèng

Definition: 

Any exterior pattern, heat pattern, or repletion pattern, especially repletion heat characterized by signs such as heat~effusion with aversion to cold, red facial complexion, headache, generalized heat~effusion with a liking for coolness, manic agitation, dry cracked lips, vexation and thirst with taking of fluids, rough strident voice, rough breathing, constipation or foul smelling stool, abdominal pain that refuses pressure, short voidings of reddish urine, red tongue with dry yellow fur, and a forceful floating, surging, rapid pulse.

Definition:  Of sores, the presentation of signs such as redness, swelling, hardness, and pain. Compare yin pattern.

yáng zhèng fä bän

See yang macules.

yáng zhèng sì yïn

Febrile disease developing to the extreme can manifest in false signs. When the root of a disease manifests as a yang pattern, the appearance of reversal cold in the limbs and sunken hidden pulse make it a yang pattern resembling yin. This is the same as true heat and false cold.

yáng qì

Definition: 

Anything yang in nature, as complimentarily opposed to yin qi.

Definition:  The active or functional aspect of the body as complimentarily opposed to yin-blood or yin humor. See qi.

yáng jué

Definition: 

From Elementary Questions (sù wèn) A disease characterized by bursts of manic anger due to sudden stimulus.

Medication:  Use Iron Flakes Beverage (shëng tiê luò yîn). See mania.

Definition:  Reversal counterflow of yang qi in the foot lesser yang gallbladder channel. The Magic Pivot (líng shü) states, ``The gallbladder foot lesser yang vessel, when stirred becomes affected by disease characterized by bitter taste in the mouth, frequent sighing, heart and rib-side pain causing inability to turn over, and, in severe cases, a faint dusty complexion, general lack of sheen, and heat abnormally felt on the outside of the feet (under normal conditions, the sole is hotter than the dorsum of the foot). This is yang reversal.''

Definition:  Heat reversal due extreme yang. See heat reversal.

yáng qiáng

Synonym:  yin rigidity ;

Synonym:  yin protrusion ;

Synonym:  rigid center ;

Synonym:  rigidity of the penis ;

Synonym:  persistent erection .

Abnormal persistent erection accompanied by tenderness of the penis and in some cases persistent discharge of semen. Yang rigidity is called rigid center especially when there is discharge of semen.

Liver-gallbladder repletion fire  (gän dân shí huô) gives rise to yang rigidity when it passes along the liver vessel to the ancestral sinew and scorches the genitals. The main signs are lasting erections and tenderness accompanied by rash temperament and red face. Secondary signs include dizziness, bitter taste in the mouth, and dry throat.

Medication:  Clear the liver and drain fire; enrich yin and soften hardness. Use Tangkuei, Gentian, and Aloe Pill (däng guï lóng huì wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LR and HT. Select BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , HT-8 (shào fû, Lesser Mansion) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , and HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) ; needle with drainage.

Liver-gallbladder damp-heat  (gän dân shï rè) gives rise to yang rigidity when it obstructs the liver vessel and blocks the network vessels of the penis. The signs are unabating erection and tenderness, accompanied by dizzy head and a feeling of distention of the brain, nausea, fullness and distention in the chest and abdomen, cumbersome fatigued limbs, bitter taste in the mouth, and scant yellow or reddish urine.

Medication:  Clear heat and disinhibit dampness; soften hardness and free binds. Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng) made into pills.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LR, SP, and CV. Select LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , and BL-28 (páng guäng shü, Bladder Transport) ; needle with drainage.

Yin vacuity with yang hyperactivity  (yïn xü yáng kàng) yang rigidity arises when excessive sexual indulgence causes damage true yin so that it no longer constrains yang, and unrestrained yang causes invigoration of the ancestral sinew. In the past, it was also caused by excessive consumption of elixir minerals. The main signs are unabating erection with persistent discharge of semen. Secondary signs include dizzy head and tinnitus, limp aching lumus and knees, vexing heat in the five hearts, dry mouth, and night sweating.

Medication:  Enrich yin and clear heat; subdue hang and soften hardness. Use All-the-Way-Through Brew (yï guàn jiän).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on KI, LR, and CV. Select KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , KI-5 (shuî quán, Water Spring) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , and CV-2 (qü gû, Curved Bone) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage. Compare yin protraction.

yáng shì bù jû

impotence.

One of the eight extraordinary vessels. YAS. A vessel that runs from the heel up the outside of the leg and and trunk up to the eye, and that is responsible for the opening and closing of the eyes and for muscular movement in general. The yang springing vessel starts below the lateral malleolus at BL-62 (shën mài, Extending Vessel) and runs up the lateral aspect of the trunk, gradually curving around posteriorly to the lateral aspect of the shoulder. It crosses over the shoulder to the front of the body, then runs up the neck, over the jaw, past the corners of the mouth to the inner canthus of the eye. From here it joins with the yin springing vessel and the foot greater yang bladder channel to run up the forehead and over the lateral aspect of the head to GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) posterior to the mastoid process, before entering the brain at GV-16 (fëng fû, Wind Mansion) . The main physiological functions of both the yang springing vessels (as the yin springing vessels) are to control the opening and closing of the eyes, control the ascent of fluids and the descent of qi, and to regulate muscular activity in general. Disease signs associated with the yang springing vessel include eye diseases, dry and itching eyes, insomnia, lack of agility, lumbar pain, spasm along the lateral aspect of the lower extremity, with corresponding flaccidity along its medial aspect. Compare yin springing vessel.

yáng shû

Definition: 

Summerheat damage from contraction of summerheat-heat through strenuous activity in the sun. Yang summerheat is characterized by headache, vexation and agitation, great heat~effusion, great thirst, great sweating, a floating pulse, and panting or shortness of breath.

Medication:  Clear summerheat using formulas such as White Tiger Decoction (bái hû täng) or White Tiger Decoction Plus Ginseng (bái hû jiä rén shën täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LI, BL, CV, and GV. Main points: PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) ; needle with drainage. Selection of points according to signs: For headache, add GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) and GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) . For vexation and agitation, add HT-5 (töng lî, Connecting Li) and HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) . For great heat~effusion, add GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) . For great thirst, add KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) and TB-2 (yè mén, Humor Gate) . For great sweating, add KI-7 (fù lïu, Recover Flow) and SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) .

Definition:  summerheat stroke.

yáng hàn

Synonym:  heat sweating .

Jing-Yue's Complete Compendium (jîng yuè quán shü) states, ``Yang sweating is heat sweating In yang-pattern spontaneous sweating or night sweating, if mere examination of the pulse and patterns reveals fire, or night heat~effusion with vexation and thirst, or hot stool and liking for cold things, this is yang exuberance with yin vacuity. Tangkuei Six Yellows Decoction (däng guï lìu huáng täng) is the first choice of treatment; Yin-Safeguarding Brew (bâo yïn jiän) is also wondrously effectively. If there is mild fire in the yin aspect, use formulas like All Yin Brew (yï yïn jiän) or All Yin Variant Brew (jiä jiân yï yïn jiän). If there is disquieted heart fire, with vexation, agitation, and sweating, use formulas like Cinnabar Spirit-Quieting Pill (zhü shä än shén wán), Celestial Emperor Heart-Supplementing Elixir (tiän wáng bû xïn dän), or Pulse-Engendering Powder (shëng mài sân). There is also a condition that is not yin vacuity, that arises simply because of sweltering internal heat that causes blood heat and profuse sweating. This is treated with Qi-Righting Decoction (zhèng qì täng), Coptis and Peony Decoction (huáng qín sháo yào täng), or Clearing Transforming Beverage (qïng huà yîn).''

yáng jìng

Definition: 

hard tetany.

Definition:  without reversal cold of the limbs; usually caused by exuberant wind-heat.

Medication:  Clear heat, cool the blood, and dispel wind using formulas such as Antelope Horn Powder (líng yáng jiâo sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, LR, CV, and SP. Select GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , GV-16 (fëng fû, Wind Mansion) , GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and KI-2 (rán gû, Blazing Valley) ; needle with drainage and prick the to bleed.

yáng xü

The manifestation of insufficiency of yang qi; reduction in the warming and activating power of the body. Signs include fatigue and lack of strength, shortage of qi and laziness to speak, fear of cold, and cold limbs, spontaneous sweating, pale white complexion, long voidings of clear urine, sloppy stool, pale tender-soft tongue, and a large vacuous or faint fine pulse. Yang vacuity is treated by warming yang and boosting qi.

yáng xü xuàn yün attributable to insufficiency of yang qi preventing clear yang from reaching the head.

Vacuity dizziness may be accompanied by headache, aversion to cold, tinnitus, and deafness. In some cases, dizziness threatens loss of balance and is accompanied by shortness of breath, spontaneous sweating, cold extremities, and a fine sunken pulse. In some cases, there is dizziness on arising in the morning that quickly abates.

Medication:  Warm and supplement yang qi with Ginseng and Aconite Decoction (shën fù täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV and CV. Select GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , GV-24 (shén tíng, Spirit Court) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , and GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) ; needle with supplementation and large amounts of moxa. Selection of points according to signs: For shortness of breath, add BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , BL-43 (gäo huäng shü, Gao-Huang Transport) , and LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) . For spontaneous sweating, add LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) .

yáng xü tóu tòng attributable to insufficiency of yang qi that fails to bear upward to the head.

Yang vacuity headache is a dull headache accompanied aversion to light, fear of cold and cold limbs, fatigue and lack of strength, poor appetite, pale tongue, and a pulse that is faint or fine or sunken and slow or large, vacuous, and forceless.

Medication:  Supplement qi and support yang using Aconite Center-Rectifying Decoction (fù zî lî zhöng täng), Ligusticum (Cnidium Root) and Atractylodes Decoction (xiöng zhú täng), or Center-Supplementing Qi-Boosting Decoction (bû zhöng yì qì täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, GV, and ST. Select GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa. For selection of points according to affected area, see headache.

yáng xü fä rè

Vacuity heat due to debilitation of yang qi (debilitation of kidney yang or spleen-stomach qi vacuity).

Debilitation of kidney yang:  (shèn qì xü shuäi) Jing-Yue's Complete Compendium (jîng yuè quán shü) states, ``In yang vacuity, too, there may be heat~effusion. This is due to exhaustion of original yang and fire not returning to its source.'' It is characterized by heat~effusion with vexation and agitation, pale red cheeks, thirst with desire but inability to drink, counterflow cold of the feet, clear white urine (lack of color), clear-food diarrhea, and a pulse that is sunken and fine or floating, rapid, and forceful, that feels about to dissipate when pressure is applied.

Medication:  Supplement the kidney and warm yang; return fire to its source. Use Cinnamon Bark and Aconite Eight-Ingredient Pill (guì fù bä wèi wán).

Spleen-stomach qi vacuity  (pí wèi qì xü) arises from taxation fatigue and internal damage. Qi is yang, so qi vacuity heat~effusion is a form of yang vacuity heat~effusion.

Medication:  Supplement the center and boost yang qi. Use Center-Supplementing Qi-Boosting Decoction (bû zhöng yì qì täng).

yáng xü zì hàn that arises in yang vacuity when the exterior becomes loose and the interstices become unsound,

allowing sweat to be easily discharged. Accompanying signs include fear of cold, sweating associated with sensation of cold, fatigue, and a fine pulse.

Medication:  Warm yang and secure the exterior. Use Jade Wind-Barrier Powder (yù píng fëng sân) or Astragalus and Aconite Decoction (qí fù täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, CV, ST, LI, HT, and SI. Select LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , HT-6 (yïn xï, Yin Cleft) , SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) , GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa.

yáng xü shuî fân or

phlegm-rheum arising when spleen-kidney yang vacuity, especially kidney yang (life gate fire) vacuity fails in its warming and moving function and causes water to accumulate. Indispensable Medical Reading (yï zöng bì dú) states, ``Although water is controlled by the spleen, in actual fact it is ruled by the kidney, which is the water viscus and the seat of original yang, the life gate. When the life gate fire is debilitated, it fails to restrain yin and to warm and nourish spleen-earth; yin is not subservient to yang, so that essence transforms into water. Hence most water swelling patterns can be ascribed to debilitation of fire.''

Western Medical Concept:  edema*!cardiac edema* chronic nephritis* edema in chronic nephritis, cardiac edema.

Medication:  For kidney yang vacuity, use Golden Coffer Kidney Qi Pill (jïn guì shèn qì wán). For spleen-kidney yang vacuity, combine the same formula with Spleen-Firming Beverage (shí pí yîn).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, back transport points, SP, and ST. Select CV-9 (shuî fën, Water Divide) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and BL-39 (wêi yáng, Bend Yang) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa. For kidney yang vacuity, add BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , KI-7 (fù lïu, Recover Flow) , and KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) . For spleen yang vacuity, add CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , and SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) . See kidney vacuity water flood.

yáng xü yïn shèng

Yang vacuity depriving the bowels and viscera of warmth and causing exuberant yin cold signs such as physical cold, cold limbs, phlegm-rheum, water swelling, and diarrhea.

yáng shuî

From Dan Xi's Experiential Methods (dän xï xïn fâ) arising when water-damp and externally-contracted wind-cold cause nondiffusion of lung qi and triple burner congestion that prevents the free flow of water down to the bladder. Yang water is a repletion pattern characterized by swelling of the face first, and is attended by aversion to cold, heat~effusion, cough, sore throat, rough voidings of red urine, constipation, abdominal fullness, and a slimy tongue fur, and rapid pulse.

Medication:  Course wind, diffuse the lung, clear heat, and disinhibit water. Spleen-Effusing Decoction (yuè bì täng). Add to this formula Perillae Fructus (zî sü zî) and Ledebouriellae Radix (fáng fëng) to course wind; Lemnae Herba (fú píng) and Armeniacae Semen (xìng rén) to diffuse the lung; Forsythiae Fructus (lián qiào), Platycodonis Radix (jié gêng), and Imperatae Rhizoma Recens (xiän máo gën) to clear heat; and Poria (fú líng) and Alismatis Rhizoma (zé xiè) to disinhibit water.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, back transport points, ST and LI. Select CV-9 (shuî fën, Water Divide) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , BL-22 (sän jiäo shü, Triple Burner Transport) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , BL-11 (dà zhù, Great Shuttle) , BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) , and LI-6 (piän lì, Veering Passageway) ; needle with drainage. Selection of points according to signs: For heat~effusion and aversion to cold, add LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , and GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) . For cough and sore pharynx, add LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , and KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , and prick LU-11 (shào shäng, Lesser Shang) to bleed. For swelling of the head and face, add GV-21 (qián dîng, Before the Vertex) . For constipation, add ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) and TB-6 (zhï göu, Branch Ditch) . For oppression and vexation in the chest, add PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) and KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) . For abdominal fullness, add PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) and ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) . See water.

yáng wêi

impotence.

yáng zhöng zhï yáng

The yang part of a yang phenomenon (i.e., an aspect of a yang phenomenon that is more yang than another aspect of the same phenomenon). For example, Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``Calm dawn to midday is in the yang part of the day, and is the yang within yang.'' The morning falls in the daytime (yang) part of the day as opposed to nighttime (yin), and since during this period the sun grows stronger and higher, this is the yang part of the daytime, as opposed to the afternoon, which is the yin part of the daytime; hence the morning is an example of yang within yang. Compare yin and yang are divisible but inseparable.

yïn zhöng zhï yáng

The yang aspect of a yin phenomenon. According to the principle that yin and yang are divisible but inseparable, all yang phenomena can be divided into yin and yang components, as can all yin phenomena. For instance, chest and abdomen are yin as opposed to the back, which is yang. However, the chest (upper part) is yang, whereas the abdomen (lower part) is yin. The chest is therefore the yang within yin. Compare yin and yang are divisible but inseparable.

yáng mài

yang channel.

Abbreviation for the yang springing vessel.

qiàn

Noisy expulsion of breath after a short sharp inhalation associated with stretching; a sign of fatigue. Frequent yawning can be a sign of qi vacuity and yang debility, and in particular depletion of kidney qi.

huáng

The color associated with earth in the five phases. The Chinese huang2 includes shades is broader in meaning than the English `yellow', including brown. See, for example, yellow of the eye; yellow urine.

miàn huáng

yellow facial complexion.

miàn sè huáng

Synonym:  yellow face .

A sign of dampness or vacuity. Yellowing of the sclerae and generalized yellowing of the skin indicate jaundice. Jaundice characterized by a vivid yellow (often described as the color of tangerines) indicates damp-heat and is called ``yang yellow.'' Jaundice characterized by a dark yellow coloration is caused by cold-damp and is called ``yin yellow.'' Yang yellow is seen mostly in cases described in Western medicine as acute icteric infectious hepatitis, acute cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and toxic hepatitis; yin yellow occurs in cirrhosis of the liver and cancer of the head of the pancreas. A pale yellow skin that is dry and puffy, accompanied by pale lips but no yellowing of the sclerae, is referred to as withered-yellow, which is a vacuity yellow. The condition characterized by this complexion is sometimes called yellow swelling, and is normally caused by excessive loss of blood or depletion of blood and qi after major illnesses or by spleen-stomach damage resulting from intestinal parasites. It may thus be seen in diseases known in Western medicine as ankylostomiasis* hookworm infestation* anemia* malnutrition* ankylostomiasis (hookworm infestation), anemia, and malnutrition due to poor assimilation.

huáng yóu zhàng

yellow fat pattern.

huáng yóu zhèng

Synonym:  yellow eye obstruction .

An eye disease that is attributed to damp-heat and in which the qi wheel appears to be filled with soft pale yellow fat. There is no pain, swelling, or blurring of vision; hence patients often do not seek treatment. It only occurs in old age.

fä huáng

Yellowing of the skin and sometimes the white of the eye. See jaundice.

mù huáng

Yellowing of the white of the eye (sclera), indicating jaundice.

huáng páng

yellow swelling.

huáng rén

The iris. So called because Chinese people's eyes are brown (see yellow). Also called wind wheel.

huáng hàn

From Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Coffer (jïn guì yào lüè) A disease usually arising when immersion in water while sweating causes obstruction of construction and defense, or when depressed latent spleen-stomach damp-heat swelters the skin. It is characterized by yellow-colored watery sweat that stains clothing the color of the juice from boiled Phellodendri Cortex (huáng bâi), limpness of the lumbus and hip, heavy body, inhibited urination, and slow sunken pulse. Yellow sweat is attributed to the interaction of wind, water, dampness, and heat. When due to damp-heat damaging the blood aspect, there may also be sores.

Medication:  Harmonize construction and defense with formulas such as Cinnamon Twig Decoction Plus Astragalus (guì zhï jiä huáng qí täng), or Astragalus, Peony, Cinnamon Twig, and Liquor Decoction (qí sháo guì jîu täng) from Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Coffer (jïn guì yào lüè) which contains Astragali (seu Hedysari) Radix (huáng qí), Paeoniae Radix (sháo yào), Cinnamomi Ramulus (guì zhï), and liquor. Yellow sweat was considered by Sun Si-Miao (581--682) in the Tang Dynasty to be a form of jaundice. Later medical books such as The Level-Line of Pattern Identification and Treatment (zhèng zhì zhûn shéng) and Pathoconditions, Causes, Pulses, and Treatments (zhèng yïn mài zhì) treated yellow sweating with generalized swelling as water swelling and yellow sweating without generalized swelling as jaundice.

huáng zhông

Synonym:  yellow obesity ;

Synonym:  strength desertion yellowing ;

Synonym:  food taxation gan yellowing .

Swelling of the face and ankles with a withered-yellow facial complexion, together with fatigued spirit and lack of strength. In some cases, it is associated with nausea and vomiting of yellow water, and a desire to eat uncooked rice, tea leaves, and coal.

Western Medical Concept:  hookworm* hookworm infestation. withered-yellow facial complexion and swelling due to iron-deficiency anemia after prolonged hookworm infestation}

huáng täi

A yellow fur usually signifies heat. Because heat patterns vary in severity and may involve different evils, different forms of yellow fur are distinguished. A thin dry yellow fur indicates damage to liquid by the heat evil, posing the need to safeguard liquid. A slimy yellow fur usually indicates damp-heat. An old yellow fur (dark yellow) and burnt yellow fur (blackish yellow) indicate binding of repletion heat. A mixed white and yellow fur indicates the initial stages of the transformation of cold into heat that occurs when evil passes into the interior.

niào huáng

Urine a darker yellow than normal. See urine.

huáng dài

See liver channel damp-heat vaginal discharge; damp toxin vaginal discharge.

huáng shuî chuäng

A sore exuding yellow fluid. Yellow-water sores start with a red macule within which a millet-shaped vesicle develops that is painful and itchy. When the vesicle ruptures because of scratching, a yellow watery discharge escapes, after which the sore forms a scab and heals. It most commonly affects infants and children and occurs on the head, ears, and neck, easily spreading to other parts of the body.

Western Medical Concept:  impetigo herpetiformis* impetigo herpetiformis.

Medication:  Dispel wind and overcome dampness; clear heat and cool the blood. Appropriate formulas include Cimicifuga Toxin-Dispersing Beverage (shëng má xiäo dú yîn), and Scutellaria and Coptis Stomach-Clearing Decoction (qín lián píng wèi täng). Indigo Powder (qïng dài sân) can be applied topically.

huáng fëng

Definition: 

high-altitude wind sparrow-vision internal obstruction.

Definition:  yellow wind internal obstruction.

huáng fëng nèi zhàng yellow wind.

A disease of the eye in which the pupil becomes enlarged and cloudy-turbid yellow. Yellow wind internal obstruction is a degeneration of green wind internal obstruction that usually leads to blindness if treatment is unsuccessful.

yïn wéi mài

Abbreviation for the yin linking vessel.

yïn

Definition: 

The dark, female, receptive principle that stands in complementary opposition to yang.

Definition:  Specifically the genitals or anus (the private, concealed parts of the body). For example, ( er4 yin1), ``two yin,'' is a collective name for the genitals and anus, ( yin1 tou2), and ``yin head,'' denotes the glans penis.

yïn yáng

Synonym:  yin-

yang .

Two mutually complementary and opposing principles in Chinese thought; one dark, female, receptive (yin), and the other bright, male, active (yang). The two principles categorize phenomena of like quality and relationship. The Chinese characters denoting yin and yang denote the dark side and light side of a mountain respectively, i.e., light and darkness. Many other phenomena are closely related to light and dark. For example, light is associated with heat, and darkness is associated with cold. Daytime is the warm, bright part of the day; nighttime is the cold, dark part of the day. Summer is the season of greatest light and heat; winter is the season of greatest darkness and cold. South is the position of greatest light and heat; north is the position of greatest darkness and cold. Daytime and summer are the times of activity; nighttime and winter are times of rest and quiescence. The upper and outer aspect of an object tends to receive sunlight; the inner and lower aspects of objects tend to be dark. Light (yang) is to darkness (yin) as heat is to cold, as day is to night, as summer is to winter, as north is to south, and as activity is to rest. Hence heat, daytime, summer, south, and activity are yang, while cold, night, winter, north, quiescence are yin. ; they are interdependent. Light cannot exist without darkness, just as heat cannot exist without cold. Furthermore, an ebb and flow relationship is observed between many yin-yang phenomena. For example, as light increases, darkness wanes, and as heat increases, cold disappears. In addition, yin and yang counterbalance each other. Cold can counteract heat, and heat can overcome cold. ( Here it is important to understand that while in Western thought, cold is defined as the absence of heat, and darkness as the absence of light, in Chinese thought, both members of each pair are equally ``real'' and therefore have the power to constrain each other.) Another important notion is that yin and yang are divisible but inseparable. Each yang phenomenon can (theoretically) be divided into yin and yang aspects. For example, light is yang in relation to darkness, which is yin. However, the sun is yang, whereas the moon is yin. Movement is yang in relation to quiescence, which is yin. Yet upward and outward movement is yang, whereas downward and inward movement is yin. Expansion is yang, while contraction is yin. Therefore, yin and yang are not fixed categories but relative ones. The basic concepts of yin and yang come into many aspects of Chinese medicine. This section explains concisely the application of the doctrine of yin and yang in the realm of physiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment. : Chinese medicine sees the human body as a whole, the component parts of which may all be analyzed in terms of yin and yang. For an overview, see Table . For instance, the upper part of the body is yang and the lower part is yin; the exterior of the body is yang by contrast to the interior, which is yin. The surface of the body may be further divided, the abdominal surface being yin, and the back being yang. As to the organs, the viscera (liver, heart, spleen, lung, and kidney) are yin, and the bowels (the gallbladder, stomach, intestines, bladder, and triple burner) are yang. Each of the organs itself has a yin and a yang aspect: there is heart yin and heart yang, kidney yin and kidney yang. The two primary elements of the human body, blood and qi, may also be thus categorized, blood being yin and qi being yang. As to the channels, those passing over the back and the outer face of the limbs are yang, while those running through the surface of the abdomen and the inner face of the limbs are yin. Yin and yang provide a general method of analyzing the functions of the human body. These are seen in terms of upbearing, downbearing, inward, and outward movement. Upbearing and outward movement are yang, while downbearing and inward are yin. These movements serve to explain the interactions between blood and qi, and the organs and channels. Physiological processes are explained in terms of the waxing and waning yin and yang. ``Clear yang issues from the upper orifices, while turbid yin issues from the lower orifices; clear yang effuses issues through the interstices, while turbid yin goes through enters the five viscera; clear yang fills the limbs, whereas turbid yin passes through the six bowels.'' That is to say, yang, the clear light qi of the body, ascends up to and out of the clear orifices, passing outward to the surface of the skin and strengthening the limbs, and how yin, the heavy turbid qi of the body, flows in the interior, its waste products being discharged through the anus and the urethra. The four movements are considered to be interdependent and mutually supporting. Thus Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``Yin is in the inner body and protects yang; yang is in the outer body and moves yin.'' In medicine, morbidity is explained in terms of yin-yang imbalance. Both evil and right qi can be analyzed in terms of yin and yang. There are both yin and yang evils. Yin evils cause a surfeit of yin, which manifests as a cold pattern; yang evils produce a surfeit of yang in the body characterized by repletion heat patterns. The ``right,'' the body's health-maintaining forces, comprise two aspects, yang qi and yin humor. Yang qi vacuity is characterized by vacuity cold patterns, whereas yin humor vacuity is characterized by vacuity heat. A vast number of diseases can be summed up in the following four phrases: ``When yin prevails, there is cold; when yang prevails, there is heat. When yang is vacuous, there is cold; when yin is vacuous, there is heat.'' The cause of these conditions is imbalance---surfeits or deficits---of either yin or yang. Imbalance of yin and yang accounts for the emergence and development of disease. The essential nature of any disease may be analyzed in terms of yin and yang, despite the infinite number of possible clinical manifestations. Yin and yang form the basic principles of eight-principle pattern identification: exterior, heat, and repletion diseases being yang; interior, cold, and vacuity diseases being yin. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``Proper diagnosis involves inspecting the appearance and feeling the pulse and first differentiating yin and yang.'' See Table . Because a surfeit of yin or yang is the primary cause of any disease, treatment must involve restoring the balance by reducing superabundance and supplying insufficiency. The nature and effect of medicinals may also be classified according to yin and yang. For example, cold, cool, rich, and moist medicinals are yin, whereas warm, hot, dry, and fierce medicinals are yang. Medicinals that are acrid and sweet in flavor are yang, while those that are salty, bitter, sour, or astringent in flavor are yin. Medicinals whose qi and flavor are bland and mild are yang, and those whose qi and flavor are strong are yin. Medicinals that upbear and effuse are yang in nature, and medicinals that contract and astringe are yin. Therefore, in diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary to identify yin-yang surfeits and deficits among the complex array of signs and determine the nature of the treatment. Medicinals must also be selected and used to make an appropriate combination of their yin and yang qualities. This means that a pattern due to a surfeit of yin or yang is one of repletion, and according to the principle of reducing superabundance, it is treated by the method of drainage. A pattern that is essentially the result of a deficit of either yin or yang is one of vacuity, and in accordance with the principle of supplying insufficiency, is treated by the method of supplementation. If yin is in surfeit, the problem is one of repletion cold, for which warm acrid yang medicinals should be used to dissipate the cold. If yang is in surfeit, the pattern is one of repletion-heat, requiring cold bitter heat-draining medicinals, which are yin in nature. If the pattern stems from an insufficiency of yin, yin-supplementing medicinals with a cooling and moistening effect are prescribed to nourish blood and fluids. Conditions stemming from a yang deficit manifest themselves as vacuity-cold, and are treated with yang medicinals, warm or hot medicinals, to warm and supplement yang qi.

yïn yáng kê fën ér bù kê lí

The principle that although all phenomena can be divided into yin and yang, and each yin or yang phenomenon can be divided into yin and yang aspects, either phenomena of a pair that stands in a mutually dependent yin-yang relationship cannot be separated from the other without the loss of both. ``Division'' here means a cognitive distinction, whereas ``separation'' is the actual parting of the two. Yin and yang can be divided ad infinitum. For example, whereas motion is yang and stasis is yin, within motion there is a distinction between upward motion, which is yang, and downward motion, which is yin. Upward motion is yang within yang, whereas downward motion is yin within yang. However, though yin and yang can be differentiated in this way, they cannot be separated: the two are always interdependent and therefore inseparable; one cannot exist without the other.

yïn yáng xiäng hù yï cún

See yin and yang are rooted in each other.

yïn yáng hù gën

Yin and yang are mutually dependent. ``Yin is rooted in yang and yang is rooted in yin.'' The notion of interdependence means that neither phenomenon of a yin-yang pair can exist without the other. Yin exists by virtue of yang, and yang exists by virtue of yin. Light (yang) cannot exist without darkness (yin), and darkness cannot exist without light. Similarly, activity (yang) cannot exist without rest (yin). ( In modern Western thought, darkness and rest are defined by the absence of their opposites; in Chinese thought, both darkness and light, rest and activity are considered equally ``real.'') In medicine, the concept of interdependence of yin and yang is widely used in physiology, pathology, and treatment. Blood and qi, two fundamental elements of the human body, provide an example: blood is yin and qi is yang. It is said that ``qi engenders blood,'' i.e., blood formation relies on the power of qi to move and transform food; ``qi moves the blood,'' meaning that blood circulation relies on the warming and driving power of qi. Furthermore, ``qi contains the blood,'' i.e., it keeps the blood within the vessels. The functions of engendering, moving, and containing the blood are summed up in the phrase, ``qi is the commander of the blood.'' Conversely, qi is dependent on the provision of adequate nutrition by the blood; thus it is said that ``qi has its abode in the blood,'' and ``blood is the mother of qi.'' Because qi has the power to engender blood, treatment of blood vacuity involves dual supplementation of qi and blood. Massive bleeding, where qi deserts with the blood, is first treated by boosting qi, since blood-nourishing formulas should not be administered until qi is secured. Similarly, formulas used to treat qi vacuity often include blood-nourishing medicinals to enhance qi supplementation. Another example of the interdependence of yin and yang, seen in the development of diseases, is the principle that ``detriment to yin affects yang'' and ``detriment to yang affects yin.'' Since ``without yang, yin cannot be born,'' when yang vacuity reaches a certain point, the production of yin humor is affected, and yin also becomes vacuous. nephritis*!chronic Most cases of what Western medicine calls chronic nephritis indicate yang vacuity, and are characterized by water swelling due to the inability of the kidney to transform fluids. However, when the yang vacuity reaches a certain point, fluid formation is affected and a yin vacuity pattern evolves. This demonstrates the principle that ``detriment to yang affects yin.'' Similarly, yin vacuity, when reaching a certain peak, lead to simultaneous yang vacuity, since ``without yin, yang cannot arise.'' What is termed hypertension* hypertension in Western medicine usually corresponds to hyperactivity of yang caused by vacuity of yin. In severe cases, this condition may develop into a dual yin-yang vacuity, illustrating the principle that ``detriment to yin affects yang.''

yïn yáng zhì yuë

Yin and yang both prevent their complement from becoming disproportionately strong. When either pole weakens, the other may grow stronger. Thus in the body, when yin humor is depleted, yang qi appears relatively stronger, and manifests in the form of heat (vacuity heat). In the body, yin and yang counterbalance each other. A deficit of one naturally leads to a surfeit of the other, while a surfeit of one will weaken the other. In both cases, yin and yang no longer counterbalance each other, and disease arises as a result. In medicine, the notion of counterbalancing is widely applied in physiology, pathology, and therapy. In physiology, for example, liver yin counterbalances liver yang, preventing it from becoming too strong. If liver yin becomes insufficient and fails to counterbalance its complement, ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang develops. In the relationship of evils and the human body, yang evils invading the body will cause a surfeit of yang, which may lead to damage to yin humor and the emergence of a heat pattern. Conversely, a yin evil entering the body will lead to a surfeit of yin, causing damage to the body's yang qi and the emergence of a cold pattern. These processes are described in Elementary Questions (sù wèn) in the following way: ``If yang abounds yin ails, and if yin abounds, yang ails; when yang prevails there is heat, and when yin prevails there is cold.'' In therapy, if a disease is caused by heat evil, it is treated with cool or cold medicinals according to the principle that ``cold can counteract heat,'' meaning yin medicinals combat yang evils. Similarly, diseases caused by cold evil are treated with warm or hot medicinals, since ``heat can overcome cold,'' i.e., yang medicinals can combat yin evils. This is summed up in a guiding principle of therapy, ``heat is treated with cold; cold is treated with heat.'' It is most often applied in patterns of repletion characterized by a surfeit of either yin or yang. In conditions caused by deficit of yin or yang, the opposing complement is no longer kept in check and becomes disproportionately strong. If yin is vacuous, yang is no longer kept in check and its strength will grow out of proportion to that of yin. Such a condition is at root a yin vacuity, manifesting itself as vacuity heat. For this reason, treatment by draining fire and clearing heat alone is not only ineffective but also detrimental to the patient's health. It is replaced by a method such as enriching yin and downbearing fire, or fostering yin and subduing yang, whereby clearing heat and draining fire are secondary to enriching yin. By supplementing yin, the yang surfeit will naturally diminish. This explains the principle ``invigorate the governor of water to restrain the brilliance of yang.'' In the reverse situation, where yang is vacuous and fails to keep yin in check, there is exuberant internal yin cold, manifesting in such forms as clear-food diarrhea, fifth-watch diarrhea, and water swelling. Here, treatment should aim not simply at dissipating cold evil, but also at supplying the yang vacuity through such methods as assisting yang, boosting fire, and supplementing qi. This demonstrates the principle that ``where warming is to no avail, fire is lacking'' and ``boost the source of fire to disperse the shroud of yin.'' It is important to note the difference between the natural ebb and flow of yin and yang and a surfeit of one or the other complement. refers to their normal relationship in the human body, which is one of constant fluctuation, rather than a rigid, immutable balance. ``When yin rises, yang ebbs,'' and ``when yang swells, yin subsides.'' This constant fluctuation is apparent in all the body's functions, such as fluid production and metabolism, the role of the five viscera in storing essential qi, and the role of the six bowels in conveyance and transformation of food. By contrast, ``deficit'' and ``surfeit'' denote the disturbance of the normal relative balance and failure to rectify the imbalance immediately. This is known as imbalance of yin and yang, which is the underlying cause of all disease.

yïn bó yáng bié

A pulse description. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``yin beating differently from yang means there is a child.'' There are two interpretations According to Wang Bing of the Tang Dynasty, ``yin'' refers to the cubit pulse ; ``yang'' refers to the inch pulse . When the inch pulse beats more markedly than the cubit, this is called ``yin contending differently from yang.'' According to Zhang Jie-Bin of the Ming Dynasty, ``yin'' means the hand lesser yin or foot lesser yin: ``The heart governs the blood and the kidney governs the uterus, so both these viscera are related to the fetus and pregnancy. `Beating' means beating against the fingers. `Differently from yang' means that the yin pulse beats against the fingers like yang evil, but it is slippery and uninhibited, so is not a pulse caused by evil. Here we see yang in yin, with signs of harmony. This is what is meant by yang beating differently from yin.''

yïn jié

Definition: 

Constipation attributed to spleen-kidney vacuity cold and characterized by the absence of bowel movements for many days despite desire to defecate, yet with the absence of fullness or distention. Yin bind is associated with a weak state of health, lack of warmth in the extremities, long voidings of clear urine, pale tongue with a thin white tongue fur, and a slow sunken pulse. See cold constipation.

Definition:  vacuity constipation.

yïn xuè

Definition: 

Blood considered as yin.

Definition:  Yin and blood as a combined entity. See yin; blood.

yïn xuè kuï xü

Insufficiency of the blood or insufficiency yin and the blood. See yin vacuity; blood vacuity.

Definition: 

yin protrusion.

Definition:  morbid prominence.

yïn jïng

Synonym:  yin vessel .

Any of the three of the six channels labeled as yin, i.e., the greater yin , lesser yin , and reverting yin , as well as the controlling , thoroughfare , yin linking , and yin springing vessels.

yïn hán

Synonym:  yin cold .

Cold seen as a yin phenomenon.

yïn lêng

Definition: 

genital cold.

Definition:  yin cold.

wáng yïn

Synonym:  yin desertion ;

Synonym:  fulminant desertion of yin humor .

A critical pattern of wearing of yin-blood. The chief signs are copious sweat, palpably hot skin, and warm limbs or reversal cold of the limbs with heat in the hearts of soles and palms. There is agitation or, in severe cases, clouded spirit. There is thirst with desire for cool fluids. Breathing is short and hasty with difficulty catching the breath. The tongue is dry and red, whereas the pulse is weak and rapid.

Medication:  Enrich yin and increase humor; nourish liquid and secure qi. Use large quantities of Pulse-Engendering Powder (shëng mài sân). Corni Fructus (shän zhü yú), Scutellariae Radix (huáng qín), Mastodi Ossis Fossilia Calcinata (duàn lóng gû), and Ostreae Concha Calcinata (duàn mû lì) can also be used.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and GV. Select GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) , GV-25 (sù liáo, White Bone-Hole) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) ; needle with supplementation or direct moxa. Apply moxa on salt or ginger at CV-8 (shén què, Spirit Gate Tower) .

wáng yïn xü tuö

See yin collapse.

yïn tuö

Definition: 

prolapse of the uterus.

Definition:  Failure of the yin door to close attributable to damage in childbirth or to physical strain. In some cases, there is painful swelling and difficult urination.

Medication:  Supplement qi and the blood with Perfect Major Supplementation Decoction (shí quán dà bû täng). Cnidii Monnieri Fructus (shé chuáng zî) and Rhois Galla (wû bèi zî) can be decocted as a steam-wash.

Definition:  Yin collapse.

yïn bìng

Definition: 

triple-yin disease.

Definition:  Any disease manifesting as a vacuity pattern or cold pattern.

yïn bìng zhì yáng

Definition: 

When exuberant yin cold damage yang qi, it should be treated by supporting yang. For example, water swelling with pale tongue and lips, low timid voice, lack of warmth in the extremities, inhibited urination or long voidings of clear urine, sloppy stool, and a deep slow pulse, can be treated by warming yang and fortifying the spleen and by moving qi and disinhibiting water, using Spleen-Firming Beverage (shí pí yîn).

Definition:  Disease affecting a yin channel and be treated by needling points on yang channels. For example, for a hand greater yin tai4 yin1 lung channel pattern of common cold and cough , points such as BL-11 (dà zhù, Great Shuttle) and BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) can be chosen. See principle of treatment.

yïn hù

Synonym:  yin gates ;

Synonym:  jade gates ;

Synonym:  jade door ;

Synonym:  birth gate .

The mouth of the vagina.

Western Medical Concept:  orificium vaginae* orificium vaginae. Compare birth gate. See postpartum failure of the jade door to heal; nonclosure of the birth gate.

yïn xián in which episodes are characterized by cold limbs,

absence of shrieking, absence of convulsions, and a sunken pulse. Yin epilepsy develops when frequent episodes of yang epilepsy weaken the health, or when excessive precipitation causes damage to original qi.

Medication:  Supplement center qi, moisten dryness, and transform phlegm with Six Gentlemen Decoction (lìu jün zî täng) plus Mastodi Ossis Fossilia (lóng gû), Ostreae Concha (mû lì), Bupleuri Radix (chái hú), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (shëng má), Aurantii Fructus (zhî ké), Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam (zhú rú), Acori Rhizoma (shí chäng pú), Polygalae Radix (yuân zhì), Paeoniae Radix Alba (bái sháo yào), and Schisandrae Fructus (wû wèi zî).

Acupuncture:  See root-securing right-supporting treatments for remission periods (time between fits) under epilepsy. In addition, needle with supplementation and moxa at CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , KI-2 (rán gû, Blazing Valley) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) .

yïn xié

Definition: 

Any evil that is yin in nature, e.g., cold, dampness, phlegm.

Definition:  invading a yin channel.

yïn shèng yáng shuäi

Exuberant yin cold with resulting debilitation of yang qi. In practice, this generally refers to water-damp damaging yang or to excessive use of cold or cool medicinals.

yïn shèng yáng xü

Exuberant internal yin cold with resulting debilitation of yang qi characterized by signs such as aversion to cold, cold limbs, diarrhea, water swelling, and pale glossy tongue. A pulse that is small at the superficial level and replete and large at the deep level reflects the yang vacuity and yin cold respectively.

yïn huô

Definition: 

Fire engendered by diet, taxation fatigue, or joy, anger, anxiety, and thought.

Definition:  Heart fire.

yïn jü

Definition: 

A flat-abscess characterized by yin cold signs.

Definition:  A genital sore.

yïn tóu

Synonym:  glans penis ;

Synonym:  balanus ;

Synonym:  tortoise's head .

The cap-shaped expansion that forms the head of the penis.

yïn tóu yöng

tortoise's head welling-abscess.

yïn yè

Essence, blood, liquid, and humor, viewed as yin-natured entities in contrast to yang qi.

yïn shëng yú yáng

According to the principle of yin-yang interdependence, if there is no yang, yin has not the wherewithal to arise. In the body, essence-blood and fluids rely on the transporting and constraining action of yang qi to perform their functions.

yïn huáng characterized by somber withered-

yellow facial complexion, torpid stomach, abdominal distention, lassitude of spirit, lack of strength, dull rib-side pain, short voidings of scant urine, unsolid stool, pale tongue with slimy tongue fur, and a sunken slow fine pulse. When this is the result of cold-damp, it is characterized by reduced food intake, oppression in the stomach duct, or even abdominal distention. When due to spleen vacuity and blood depletion, additional signs include dry skin, heart palpitations, and shortness of breath. When due to accumulation of static blood, there is a painful concretion under the left rib-side, and spider nevi. Yin jaundice sometimes develops from yang jaundice.

Medication:  Cold-damp patterns are treated by warming the center, fortifying the spleen and transforming dampness with formulas such as Capillaris, Atractylodes, and Aconite Decoction (yïn chén zhú fù täng). Spleen vacuity and blood depletion is treated by fortifying the spleen and warming the center and by boosting qi and nourishing the blood, using formulas such as Astragalus Center-Fortifying Decoction (huáng qí jiàn zhöng täng). Blood stasis accumulation is treated by quickening blood, transforming stasis and abating jaundice with Infradiaphragmatic Stasis-Expelling Decoction (gé xià zhú yü täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST, SP, and back transport points. Select BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-19 (dân shü, Gallbladder Transport) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa. Selection of points according to signs: For lassitude of spirit and lack of strength, add CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , and CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) . For abdominal distention, add LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) and SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) . For dull pain in the rib-side, add SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) and CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) . For sloppy diarrhea, add ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , and CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) .

yïn xiân of the anterior and posterior yin,

i.e., the anus and genitals, and surrounding areas; attributed to wind-heat-damp invading the skin. It starts with papules or small vesicles that gradually spread to form clearly circumscribed patches that are covered with thin scales.

Western Medical Concept:  tinea cruris* tinea cruris.

Medication:  Apply No.1 Lichen Medicinal Water (yï hào xiân yào shuî) or Realgar (xióng huáng) (12~g) steeped in 100~ml old vinegar.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on BL, LI, SP, ST, and LR. Select a number of points from the following: BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) , BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , and GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) ; needle with drainage.

yïn wéi mài

One of the eight extraordinary vessels. YIL.

yïn bän

Synonym:  vacuity macules ;

Synonym:  yin-pattern macules .

occurring in vacuity cold patterns, arising when constitutional vacuity and deep-lying cold or inappropriate use of cold medicinals causes exuberant internal yin cold and causes rootless fire to spread to the exterior. Yin macules are pale red and indistinct, and in some cases occur in a small number on the chest only. They are accompanied by counterflow cold of the extremities, unpronounced thirst, clear-food diarrhea, and a faint sunken pulse. The tongue bears a glossy white fur or may be enlarged with a glossy black fur.

yïn shàn

Definition: 

A mounting disease characterized by acute pain of the testicles and genitals attributed to cold evil invading the liver channel.

Medication:  Warm and transform; move qi. Use Liver-Warming Brew (nuân gän jiän).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LR, SP, and CV. Select CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , LR-8 (qü quán, Spring at the Bend) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , KI-10 (yïn gû, Yin Valley) , LR-1 (dà dün, Large Pile) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) ; needle with drainage and adding moxa. Alternatively, apply direct moxa at LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) and LR-1 (dà dün, Large Pile) .

Definition:  A generic term for prominent mounting, cold mounting, and reversal mounting.

yïn gû

The inside (yin side) of the thigh. The Magic Pivot (líng shü) states, ``The liver foot reverting yin vessel ascends in the inner face of the back of the knee, follows the yin of the thigh upward, and enters the region of the pubic hair.

yïn qì

The external genitals. The yin organs are traversed by the foot reverting yin liver channel, and their development and functioning is related to the strength and weakness of kidney qi. Diseases of the yin organs are often treated through the liver and kidney.

yïn zhèng

Definition: 

Any interior, cold, or vacuity pattern, e.g., somber white or dark dull complexion, curled-up lying posture, cold limbs, inactivity and tendency to talk little, low faint voice, faint weak breathing, shortness of breath and lack of strength, reduced food intake, bland taste in the mouth, absence of vexation and thirst or desire for warm drinks, sloppy stool, long voidings of clear urine, abdominal pain that likes pressure, pale enlarged tongue, glossy slimy tongue fur, and a forceless sunken slow fine pulse.

Definition:  A pattern in which sores of any kind present with broad roots, with paleness of the skin in the affected area, and with absence of heat, swelling, redness and pain. Compare yang pattern.

yïn zhèng shäng hán affecting any of the three yin channels.

Medication:  Greater yin cold strike is treated with Stomach-Calming Poria (Hoelen) Five Decoction (wèi líng täng) or Aconite Center-Rectifying Decoction (fù zî lî zhöng täng). Lesser yin is treated with formulas like True Warrior Decoction (zhën wû täng). Reverting yin is treated with formulas such as Tangkuei Counterflow Cold Decoction (däng guï sì nì täng) or Vessel-Freeing Counterflow Cold Decoction (töng mài sì nì täng).

yïn zhèng fä bän

yin macules.

yïn zhèng sì yáng

The appearance of heat signs in disease of a cold nature developing to a critical stage. When a disease is at root a yin pattern, the appearance of red face, thirst, flailing of the arms and legs, and a large floating pulse is described as a yin pattern resembling yang. This is the same as true cold and false heat.

yïn zhì

Any protrusion of flesh from female genitals.

Western Medical Concept:  prolapse of the uterus* myoma*!submucosal of uterus prolapse of the uterus; submucosal myoma of the uterus.

Liver depression or damp-heat  (gän yù) causes yin pile with a flow of yellow water from the vagina.

Medication:  Resolve depression, clear heat, and disinhibit dampness. Use Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng) or Moutan and Gardenia Free Wanderer Powder (dän zhï xiäo yáo sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, LR, GB, SP, ST, and LI. Select GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , GB-28 (wéi dào, Linking Path) , KI-12 (dà hè, Great Manifestation) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , LR-8 (qü quán, Spring at the Bend) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) ; needle with drainage. The nonchannel points and can both be used for prolapse of the uterus due to any cause.

Spleen vacuity  (pí xü) causes yin pile characterized by a flow of white water from the vagina.

Medication:  Fortify the spleen and boost qi. Use Center-Supplementing Qi-Boosting Decoction (bû zhöng yì qì täng) or Spleen-Returning Decoction (guï pí täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, CV, and SP. Select GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) , GB-28 (wéi dào, Linking Path) , KI-12 (dà hè, Great Manifestation) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with supplementation and moxa. A steam-wash can be prepared by stewing seven Aconiti Tuber (chuän wü tóu) in vinegar. See pile; yin protrusion; prolapse of the uterus.

yïn zòng

Synonym:  yin protrusion .

A condition characterized by a tendency to erections of the penis of abnormally long duration (lasting hours or days) or swelling of the penis that gives the appearance of a partial erection. It is caused by liver channel damp-heat.

Medication:  Minor Bupleurum Decoction (xiâo chái hú täng) plus Coptidis Rhizoma (huáng lián) and Phellodendri Cortex (huáng bâi). Alternatively, use Bupleurum Dampness-Overcoming Decoction (chái hú shèng shï täng) or Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng). In severe cases, use Three-in-One Qi-Coordinating Decoction (sän yï chéng qì täng). Make a decoction of Mirabilitum Non-Purum (pò xiäo) and Schizonepetae Herba et Flos (jïng jiè), to wash and soak the affected area. If the swelling and protrusion is alleviated but a hard lump remains, treat with Citri Exocarpium Immaturum (qïng pí), combined with wind-dissipating medicinals. See also yin protrusion. Compare rigid center.

yïn tîng

Definition: 

rigid center.

Definition:  yang rigidity.

Definition:  yin protraction.

Definition: 

Synonym:  vaginal protrusion ;

Synonym:  eggplant disease ;

Synonym:  eggplant yin ;

Synonym:  yin bulging .

A women's disease characterized by heaviness, sagging, and swelling of the anterior yin or the hanging of the interior outside the body. Yin protrusion is usually the result of center qi fall or insufficiency of kidney qi, if not due to holding the breath and straining in childbirth. The center qi fall pattern is one of vacuity and includes signs such as a sagging sensation in the abdomen, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, lassitude of spirit, vaginal discharge, and a floating vacuous pulse. Kidney vacuity is identified by the presence of limp aching lumbus and knees. If there is redness, swelling, and a exudation of yellow water, as is often the case when friction causes damage, the pattern is considered to be one of damp-heat pouring downward; this condition may also be identified by a burning sensation on urination, heart vexation, spontaneous sweating, a dry mouth with bitter taste, and a slippery rapid pulse.

Western Medical Concept:  prolapse of the uterus* cystocele* colpocele* prolapse of the uterus, cystocele, colpocele.

Medication:  For center qi fall, treat by supplementing vacuity and raising the fall using Center-Supplementing Qi-Boosting Decoction (bû zhöng yì qì täng) with extra Cimicifugae Rhizoma (shëng má) and mix-fried Astragali (seu Hedysari) Radix (huáng qí). For kidney vacuity, treat by supplementing the kidney and boosting qi with Major Origin-Supplementing Brew (dà bû yuán jiän). If protruding parts have become swollen and exude yellow water, and if voidings are rough with reddish urine, use Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng) and variations. For topical treatment, decoct Mume Fructus (wü méi) and Cnidii Monnieri Fructus (shé chuáng zî) as a wash.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on CV and GV. Main points: CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , and . For qi vacuity fall, add ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa. For kidney vacuity, add KI-12 (dà hè, Great Manifestation) , and KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , needling with supplementation and adding moxa. For damp-heat pouring downward, add LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) ; needle with drainage.

yïn qì

The opposite of yang qi. Yin and yang are the complementary and opposite poles of phenomena. Yin qi and yang qi are yin and yang viewed as complementary and opposing forces. Yin denotes physical substrata as opposed to function. It denotes the qi of the five viscera as opposed to that of the bowels. It denotes construction qi as opposed to defense qi. It denotes inward and downward movement, suppressive action, weakening, and that which is heavy and turbid. See yin; qi.

yïn qiáng

yang rigidity.

yïn náng

scrotum.

yïn náng säo yâng

scrotal itch.

yïn chuäng

Definition: 

A diffusely swollen painful sore below the cheek on the left or right, accompanied by generalized heat~effusion and aversion to cold.

Definition:  A sore in the female pudenda.

Definition:  A sore or flat-abscess manifesting as a yin pattern.

Definition:  bedsore.

One of the eight extraordinary vessels. YIS. The yin linking originates at KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) below the medial malleolus, runs up the medial aspect of the leg, penetrates the genital region and then continues internally up the abdomen and chest to emerge in the supraclavicular fossa at ST-12 (quë pén, Empty Basin) . It proceeds up the throat, passing in front of ST-12 (quë pén, Empty Basin) , then continues up the medial aspect of the cheek to the inner canthus, where it joins the foot greater yang bladder and yang springing channels to ascend over the head and enter the brain. The main physiological functions of both the yin (as also the yang) springing vessels are to control the opening and closing of the eyes, control the ascent of fluids and the descent of qi, and to regulate muscular activity in general. Disease signs associated with the yin springing vessels include: eye diseases, heavy sensation of the eyelids or inability to open the eyes, clouding sleep, watery eyes, lower abdominal pain, pain along the waist extending into the genitals, hernia, vaginal discharge, and tightness and spasms along the medial aspect of the lower limb, with corresponding flaccidity along its lateral aspect.

yïn shû

A summerheat pattern attributed to exposure to wind or drafts or to excessive consumption of cold drinks in the hot summer months. When cold invades the fleshy exterior, there is heat~effusion, headache, aversion to cold, sweating, and generalized pain; this is treated by warming and dissipating with formulas such as Origin-Boosting Powder (yì yuán sân). When cold damages the viscera, there is vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain; this is treated by warming the center with formulas such as Agastache/Patchouli Qi-Righting Tablet (huò xiäng zhèng qì piàn).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on PC, LI, ST, and CV. Main points: PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) . Selection of points according to pattern: For cold assailing the fleshy exterior, select GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , and GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , needling with drainage and adding moxa. For cold damaging the viscera, select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , needling with supplementation and adding moxa.

yïn hàn

Definition: 

Synonym:  genital sweating .

Sweating of the external genitals and surrounding area. Yin sweating due to liver channel damp-heat is associated with cold of the genitals relieved by warmth, animal odor, reddish urine, and impotence. Damp-heat pouring downward can also occur in combination with liver-kidney depletion. When due to kidney yang vacuity, there is copious sweating of the scrotum with fear of cold and cold limbs, and limp aching lumbus and knees. Other signs include unhard erection, seminal efflux, premature ejaculation, and long voidings of clear urine. The tongue is moist, pale, and enlarged with dental impressions; the pulse is sunken and slow.

Medication:  Liver channel damp-heat is treated by draining, clearing, and disinhibiting, using Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng). Since ``wind can overcome dampness,'' one or two wind medicinals such as Schizonepetae Herba et Flos (jïng jiè) or Ledebouriellae Radix (fáng fëng) may be added. Tangkuei, Gentian, and Aloe Pill (däng guï lóng huì wán) and Mysterious Two Powder (Pill) (èr miào sân wán) are also effective. For clammy scrotum, dab on powdered calcined Smithsonitum (lú gän shí). Lithargyrum (mì tuó sëng) is also effective. Damp-heat pouring downward with signs of liver-kidney depletion is treated by supplementing the liver and kidney, and clearing heat and dispelling dampness. Use Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoction (lìu wèi dì huáng täng) plus Phellodendri Cortex (huáng bâi) and Paeoniae Radix Alba (bái sháo yào). Kidney yang vacuity is treated by warming supplementing, as with Kidney-Quieting Pill (än shèn wán).

Acupuncture:  For liver channel damp-heat, use LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , GB-43 (xiá xï, Pinched Ravine) , GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and KI-7 (fù lïu, Recover Flow) , needling with drainage. For damp-heat pouring downward with signs of liver-kidney depletion, needle with supplementation or with even supplementation and drainage at BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , and KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , and with drainage at CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and KI-7 (fù lïu, Recover Flow) . For kidney vacuity and yang debilitation, use CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and HT-6 (yïn xï, Yin Cleft) , needling with supplementation and adding moxa.

Definition:  Sweating due to debilitated yang and exuberant yin.

Medication:  Support right and warm yang. Use Ginseng Center-Fortifying Decoction (rén shën jiàn zhöng täng) Minor Center-Fortifying Decoction (xiâo jiàn zhöng täng)(, with the addition of Ginseng Radix (rén shën)). Ginseng and Aconite Decoction (shën fù täng), or Six-Ingredient Yang-Returning Beverage (lìu wèi huí yáng yîn).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, GV, back transport points, LI, HT, and SI. Select LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , HT-6 (yïn xï, Yin Cleft) , SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , and BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) ; needle with supplementation and, if appropriate, moxa.

yïn jìng

Definition: 

soft tetany.

Definition:  with counterflow cold of the limbs.

Medication:  Warm yang and dispel the evil using formulas such as Ovate Atractylodes Powder (bái zhú sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, LR, and KI. Select GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , GV-16 (fëng fû, Wind Mansion) , GV-8 (jïn suö, Sinew Contraction) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , and GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa.

yïn tiän

Weather bearing yin qualities, i.e., dull, cloudy, damp weather.

yïn xü

The manifestation of insufficiency of the yin aspect and depletion of liquid and blood. When yin is vacuous, internal heat arises; hence there is low fever, heat in the hearts of the palms and soles, postmeridian heat~effusion, emaciation, night sweating, dry mouth and throat, short voidings of reddish urine, red tongue with little or no fur, and a forceless fine rapid pulse. Yin vacuity may be focused in any of the five viscera, especially in the kidney. See liver yin vacuity; heart yin vacuity; spleen yin vacuity; lung yin vacuity; kidney yin vacuity.

yïn xü xuè rè

Heat in the blood owing to yin vacuity and in some cases also nurtured by externally contracted heat evil.

yïn xü tóu tòng caused by yin vacuity stirring fire.

Yin vacuity headache is accompanied by heat vexation, red face and upbearing fire flush, insomnia, red tongue, and a fine stringlike rapid pulse.

Medication:  Enrich yin and downbear fire with Anemarrhena and Phellodendron Eight-Ingredient Pill (zhï bâi bä wèi wán) or Jade Lady Brew (yù nüê jiän). If effulgent fire signs are not pronounced, use Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill (lìu wèi dì huáng wán), Four Agents Decoction (sì wù täng), or Left-Restoring Kidney Yin Pill (zuô guï wán).

Acupuncture:  For yin vacuity with stirring fire, base treatment mainly on back transport points, KI, and HT. Supplement GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , BL-2 (zân zhú, Bamboo Gathering) , , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , and KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) ; drain KI-2 (rán gû, Blazing Valley) , HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , and HT-8 (shào fû, Lesser Mansion) . For yin vacuity without effulgent fire, use the same formula as above, but remove KI-2 (rán gû, Blazing Valley) , HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , and HT-8 (shào fû, Lesser Mansion) , and add BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , needling with supplementation. Selection of points according to affected area, see headache.

yïn xü fä rè due to depletion of essence,

blood, and fluids. Yin vacuity heat~effusion may take the form of postmeridian heat~effusion (occurring sometime after midday), steaming bone heat~effusion (appearing to emanate from the bones), or vexing heat in the five hearts (heat or sensation of heat the hearts of the palms and soles and the heart of the chest). Yin vacuity heat~effusion is associated with emaciation, night sweating, dry mouth, red tongue, and a rapid fine pulse. It is seen in a wide variety of enduring sicknesses.

Medication:  Enrich yin and nourish the blood to abate the vacuity heat. Use Major Yin Supplementation Pill (dà bû yïn wán) or Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill (lìu wèi dì huáng wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on KI, PC, and HT. Select KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , KI-2 (rán gû, Blazing Valley) , LU-10 (yú jì, Fish Border) , HT-8 (shào fû, Lesser Mansion) , PC-8 (láo göng, Palace of Toil) , KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) , and HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage. For night sweating, add HT-6 (yïn xï, Yin Cleft) , SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) , and LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) ;

yïn xü huô wàng

See effulgent yin vacuity fire.

yïn xü fëi zào due to yin vacuity.

The lung is the delicate viscus, and is susceptible to scorching by fire, especially effulgent yin vacuity fire, which manifests in dryness and pronounced vacuity. The main signs are dry cough without phlegm, blood-flecked phlegm, sore throat, hoarse voice, pale red tongue with little fur, and a rapid floating pulse.

Western Medical Concept:  tuberculosis*!pulmonary laryngitis*!chronic chronic laryngitis* pharyngitis*!chronic chronic pharyngitis* observed in pulmonary tuberculosis, and chronic laryngitis or pharyngitis.

Medication:  Use Adenophora/Glehnia and Ophiopogon Decoction (shä shën mài döng täng). For acute dry cough, add Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus (chuän bèi mû), Armeniacae Semen (xìng rén), and steamed Stemonae Radix (bâi bù). For blood-flecked phlegm, add Moutan Radicis Cortex (mû dän pí), Gardeniae Fructus (shän zhï zî), and Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Nodus (ôu jié). For sore throat, add Scrophulariae Radix (xuán shën).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, LU, KI, ST, and SP. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , BL-43 (gäo huäng shü, Gao-Huang Transport) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) . Needle with supplementation.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, back transport points, and KI. Select LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) , BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , BL-43 (gäo huäng shü, Gao-Huang Transport) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , and KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) ; needle with supplementation. Selection of points according to signs: For sore pharynx, prick LU-11 (shào shäng, Lesser Shang) to bleed. For blood-flecked phlegm, add LU-10 (yú jì, Fish Border) and LU-6 (kông zuì, Collection Hole) .

yïn xü dào hàn

Yin vacuity heat causing the discharge of the humor of the heart (sweat). In this pattern, night sweating is accompanied by heat vexation, dry mouth, and a rapid fine pulse.

Medication:  Nourish yin and clear heat using Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill (lìu wèi dì huáng wán) plus Paeoniae Radix Alba (bái sháo yào), Ophiopogonis Tuber (mài mén döng), Schisandrae Fructus (wû wèi zî), and Lycii Radicis Cortex (dì gû pí). For effulgent fire, use Tangkuei Six Yellows Decoction (däng guï lìu huáng täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on KI, LI, SI, and HT. Select LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) , HT-6 (yïn xï, Yin Cleft) , BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , KI-2 (rán gû, Blazing Valley) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with supplementation. See night sweating.

yïn xü chuân due to yin vacuity with floating yang.

Yin vacuity panting stems from yin-blood depletion or kidney vacuity, which deprives yang qi of its support and causes it to surge upward. During episodes of panting, the patient experiences qi surging up from below the umbilicus. Other signs include tidal heat~effusion and night sweating.

Medication:  Enrich yin and nourish the blood; supplement the kidney and boost yin. Use formulas such as Four Agents Decoction (sì wù täng), Pulse-Engendering Variant Powder (jiä jiân shëng mài sân), Ophiopogon and Rehmannia Pill (mài wèi dì huáng wán), and Placenta Great Creation Pill (hé chë dà zào wán), adding medicinals that subdue yang and promote qi absorption if necessary.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, LU, and KI. Select BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , , BL-43 (gäo huäng shü, Gao-Huang Transport) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , and LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) ; needle with supplementation. For tidal heat~effusion, add GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) and PC-5 (jiän shî, Intermediary Courier) . For night sweating, add SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) and HT-6 (yïn xï, Yin Cleft) .

yïn xü wèi wân guân tòng

See internal damage stomach duct pain.

yïn xü hóu bì (

sore throat with difficulty swallowing) attributable to yin vacuity. When due to liver-kidney yin vacuity, signs include tinnitus, night sweating, and limp aching lumbus and knees. When due to damage to the lung-stomach yin by dryness, it is characterized by dry throat, dry lips, and cough without phlegm.

Western Medical Concept:  pharyngitis*!chronic chronic pharyngitis* chronic pharyngitis.

Medication:  Liver kidney-yin vacuity is treated by enriching yin and downbearing fire with formulas such as Anemarrhena, Phellodendron, and Rehmannia Pill (zhï bâi dì huáng wán). Damage to lung-stomach yin is treated by moistening the lung and nourishing yin with formulas such as Yin-Nourishing Lung-Clearing Decoction (yâng yïn qïng fèi täng) and Dryness-Clearing Lung-Rescuing Decoction (qïng zào jìu fèi täng).

Acupuncture:  For liver-kidney yin vacuity, base treatment mainly on KI and LU. Needle with supplementation at BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , and KI-2 (rán gû, Blazing Valley) , and with drainage at LU-10 (yú jì, Fish Border) , KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) , and TB-1 (guän chöng, Passage Hub) . For damage to lung-stomach yin, base treatment mainly on back transport points, LU, ST, and KI. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , BL-43 (gäo huäng shü, Gao-Huang Transport) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) . Selection of points according to signs: For dry pharynx, add TB-2 (yè mén, Humor Gate) . For pronounced soreness, prick LU-11 (shào shäng, Lesser Shang) to bleed.

yïn xü hóu xiân due to yin vacuity.

See throat lichen.

yïn xü cháo rè due to yin vacuity,

as opposed to yang brightness interior repletion patterns. See tidal heat~effusion.

yïn xü wêi (

weakness and limpness of the sinews) arising when enduring illness or sexual intemperance cause insufficiency of the liver and kidney and effulgent yin vacuity fire which damage the sinew and bones.

Medication:  Enrich yin and clear fire; supplement the liver and kidney. An appropriate formula is Hidden Tiger Pill (hû qián wán).

Acupuncture:  Use the basic treatments given under wilting, and add KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , KI-2 (rán gû, Blazing Valley) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , and HT-8 (shào fû, Lesser Mansion) , needling with supplementation.

yïn xü yáng fú

Insufficiency of true yin and liquid-blood depletion causing yang qi to stray to the upper body, and causing dizziness, tidal reddening of the face, red eyes, dry sore throat, and toothache.

yïn xü yáng kàng

Essence-blood or fluid depletion causing a yin-yang imbalance in which yang becomes unrestrained and exuberant. Yang hyperactivity exacerbates depletion of fluid so that a vicious circle is set in motion. Yin vacuity with yang hyperactivity is characterized by tidal heat~effusion, reddening of the cheeks, night sweating, vexing heat in the five hearts, coughing of blood, emaciation, dry red tongue, and rapid fine pulse. In some cases, there is insomnia, vexation, agitation, and irascibility, or seminal emission and excessive libido.

Medication:  Foster yin and subdue yang. Use Gastrodia and Uncaria Beverage (tiän má göu téng yîn) or Liver-Settling Wind-Extinguishing Decoction (zhèn gän xï fëng täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on KI, LR, and HT, needling with supplementation at BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , and KI-2 (rán gû, Blazing Valley) , and with drainage at GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , and HT-8 (shào fû, Lesser Mansion) . Selection of points according to signs: For tidal heat~effusion, add PC-8 (láo göng, Palace of Toil) , needling with drainage. For night sweating, add SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) and HT-6 (yïn xï, Yin Cleft) , needling with drainage. For coughing of blood, add LU-10 (yú jì, Fish Border) , and LU-6 (kông zuì, Collection Hole) , needling with drainage. For insomnia, add and HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , needling with drainage. For seminal emission, add HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , PC-7 (dà líng, Great Mound) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , and BL-52 (zhì shì, Will Chamber) , needling with drainage.

yïn mài

yin channel.

yïn shuî

From Dan Xi's Experiential Methods (dän xï xïn fâ) attributed to devitalized spleen yang and debilitated kidney yang failing to move and transform water, and characterized by swelling of face and instep, or by swelling of the lower limbs first. The swelling pits under pressure, and is associated with oppression in the chest, reduced food intake, cold limbs, lassitude of spirit, sloppy stool, scant urine, heavy body and aching lumbus, an enlarged tongue with white fur, and a sunken slow weak pulse. Yin water is so named because it includes vacuity and cold patterns.

Medication:  Fortify the spleen, warm the kidney, free yang, and transform dampness. For devitalization of spleen yang, warm spleen yang and control water-damp. Use Spleen-Firming Beverage (shí pí yîn). Add Ginseng Radix (rén shën) and Astragali (seu Hedysari) Radix (huáng qí) for pronounced qi vacuity; add Cinnamomi Ramulus (guì zhï) and Alismatis Rhizoma (zé xiè) for scant urine. For debilitation of kidney yang, treat by warming kidney and dissipating cold and by moving qi and disinhibiting water with True Warrior Decoction (zhën wû täng) combined with Poria (Hoelen) Five Powder (wû líng sân); add Foeni-Graeci Semen (hú lú bä), Morindae Radix (bä jî tiän), and Cinnamomi Cortex (ròu guì) for pronounced vacuity cold signs.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, back transport points, SP, and ST. Select CV-9 (shuî fën, Water Divide) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , BL-22 (sän jiäo shü, Triple Burner Transport) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , BL-39 (wêi yáng, Bend Yang) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , needling with supplementation and adding moxa. Selection of points according to pattern: For devitalization of spleen yang, add BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , and LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) . For debilitation of kidney yang, add BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , and KI-7 (fù lïu, Recover Flow) . Selection of points according to signs: For swelling of the upper limbs, add LI-6 (piän lì, Veering Passageway) . For swelling of the lower limbs, add SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) . For swelling of insteps, add GB-41 (zú lín qì, Foot Overlooking Tears) . For oppression in the chest and reduced food intake, add CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , and ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) . For sloppy diarrhea, add ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) .

yáng zhöng zhï yïn

The yin part of yang phenomenon (i.e., a phenomenon that is yang in relation to others). For example, the upper body is yang and the lower body is yin, whereas the back of the body is yang and the front is yin. The chest is therefore the yin within yang. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``Midday to dusk is in the yang part of the day, and is the yin within yang.'' This is to say, the afternoon falls in daytime (yang) as opposed to nighttime (yin), and being the decline of daytime, it is their the yin part; hence, the afternoon is one example of yin within yang. Compare yin and yang are divisible but inseparable.

yïn zhöng zhï yïn

The yin aspect of a yin phenomenon. According to the principle that yin and yang are divisible but inseparable, all yang phenomena can be divided into yin and yang components, as can all yin phenomena. For instance, chest and abdomen are yin as opposed to the back, which is yang. However, the chest (upper part) is yang, whereas the abdomen (lower part) is yin. The abdomen is thus the yin within yin. Compare yin and yang are divisible but inseparable.

yïn yáng

yin and yang.

yïn yáng shï tiáo

Imbalance between any yin and yang elements of the body and evils within the body. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) sums up the essence of yin-yang disharmony as follows, ``When yin prevails, yang ails; when yang prevails, yin ails. When yang prevails, there is heat; when yin prevails, there is cold.'' Yin and yang can fall out of harmony in more than one way. When the counterbalancing principle observed in ebb and flow breaks down, a surfeit of one pole means a deficit of the other. A fierce sun parches the land, and a long winter shortens the summer. Likewise, a deficit of one complement is often observed with a surfeit of the other, as a lack of warmth manifests as cold. Sometimes, when interdependence breaks down, a deficit of one complement can lead to a deficit of the other. For example, absence of rest can make incessant activity unproductive. Since both evils and aspects of the body may be classified according to yin and yang, both health and disease may be viewed in terms of yin and yang. When the yin and yang elements within the body and between the body and the environment are in balance, the body is healthy. When any aspect of the balance is upset, disease arises. When a person is healthy, the principle of interdependence and mutual counterbalancing of yin and yang operates. A morbid imbalance is seen in terms of a failure of these relationships, or in terms of the mutual convertibility of yin and yang.

Abbreviation for the yin springing vessel.

yuán

The name of a dynasty ( 1274--1368).

Z

Section Z

zhöu

The name of a dynasty (approx. 11th cent.--221 ).

zì

A unit of measure equal to four qian. The term ``zi'' occurs in the formula names Wind-Expelling One Zi Powder (qü fëng yï zì sân) and One Zi Decoction (yî zì täng).